Buck shines a new light on China's transition to capitalism by focusing on and analyzing the development of networks between the urban and rural factories that have produced the regional economy of greater Shanghai. These networks have incorporated millions of villagers into the national and the global economy. By getting inside these networks and watching as their restructuring unfolds, Buck reveals hidden aspects of major changes: China's transition from centralized planning to market economy, the transformation of Shanghai from industrial to financial center, and a wave of privatization that has swept away the last vestiges of socialism.

This collection offers a holistic understanding of the impact of both crusading and settlement on the literary cultures of Latin Christendom. The period between the First Crusade and the collapse of the "crusader states" in the eastern Mediterranean was a crucial one for medieval historical writing. From the departure of the earliest crusading armies in 1096 to the Mamlūk conquest of the Latin states in the late thirteenth century, crusading activity, and the settlements it established and aimed to protect, generated a vast textual output, offering rich insights into the historiographical cultures of the Latin West and Latin East. However, modern scholarship on the crusades and the "crusader states" has tended to draw an artificial boundary between the two, even though medieval writers treated their histories as virtually indistinguishable. This volume places these spheres into dialogue with each other, looking at how individual crusading campaigns and the Frankish settlements in the eastern Mediterranean were depicted and remembered in the central Middle Ages. Its essays cover a geographical range that incorporates England, France, Germany, southern Italy and the Holy Land, and address such topics as gender, emotion, the natural world, crusading as an institution, origin myths, textual reception, forms of storytelling and historical genre. Bringing to the foreground neglected sources, methodologies, events and regions of textual production, the collection offers a holistic understanding of the impact of both crusading and settlement on the literary cultures of Latin Christendom.

New insights into interpretive problems in the history of England and Europe between the eighth and thirteenth centuries. The articles in this volume of the Haskins Society Journal take the reader from early England to the thirteenth century, from Europe to the Holy Land. Chapters explore issues of Anglo-Saxon social status and settlement andpeasant agency in the France of King Louis IX; while, through a careful re-examination of documentary and narrative evidence, further articles offer new insights into succession crises in England and the Principality of Antioch, with special attention to the role of women in the assumption of political power and its narration. The record and moral horizons of both First and Fourth Crusaders also receive close attention; and finally, a survey of the construction of the Norman past in the French Chronique de Normandie rounds out the collection. CONTRIBUTORS: Mark E. Blincoe, Andrew D. Buck, Wim de Clercq, Theodore Evergates, Alex Hurlow, William Chester Jordan, Alexandra Locking, Alheydis Plassman, Stuart Pracy, Katherine Allen Smith, Veerle van Eetvelde, Steven Vanderputten, Gerben Verbrugghe

An investigation into how Antioch maintained itself as an independent principality during a period of considerable challenges. Situated in northern Syria, on the eastern-most frontier of Latin Christendom, the principality of Antioch was a medieval polity bordered by a host of rival powers, including the Byzantine Empire, the Armenian Christians of Cilicia, the rulers of the neighbouring Islamic world and even the other crusader states, the kingdom of Jerusalem and the counties of Edessa and Tripoli. Coupled with the numerous Christian, Muslim and Jewish communities who populatedthe region, Antioch's Frankish settlers - initially installed into power by the military successes of the First Crusade - thus faced numerous challenges to their survival. This book examines how the ruling elites of the principality sought to manage these competing interests in order to maintain Antioch's existence during the troubled twelfth century, particularly following the death of Prince Bohemond II in 1130. His demise helped to spark renewed interest from Byzantium and the kingdom of Jerusalem, and came at a time of both Islamic resurgence under the Zengids of Aleppo and Mosul, as well as Armenian power growth under the Rupenids. An examination of Antioch's diplomatic and military endeavours, its internal power structures and its interaction with indigenous peoples can therefore help to reveal a great deal about how medieval Latins adapted to the demands of their frontiers. ANDREW BUCK is an Associate Lecturer at Queen Mary University of London, from where he received his PhD in 2014.

By investigating the nexus of relationships between urban and rural factories in the Shanghai region of China, this book shines light on an overlooked part of China's massive industrial growth since the 1980s.

Exploring Latin texts, as well as Old French, Castilian and Occitan songs and lyrics, Remembering the Crusades in Medieval Texts and Songs takes inspiration from the new ways scholars are looking to trace the dissemination and influence of the memories and narratives surrounding the crusading past in medieval Europe. It contributes to these new directions in crusade studies by offering a more nuanced understanding of the diverse ways in which medieval authors presented events, people and places central to the crusading movement. This volume investigates how the transmission of stories related to suffering, heroism, the miraculous and ideals of masculinity helped to shape ideas of crusading presented in narratives produced in both the Latin East and the West, as well as the importance of Jerusalem in the lyric cultures of southern France, and how the narrative arc of the First Crusade developed from the earliest written and oral responses to the venture.

The "classical" resection-interpOS1tlon plasty was over decades the only possibility for the reconstruction of joints at the upper extremities and at the foot. Results are good at the elbow, wrist and at the toe joints, they don't satisfy at the shoulder and at the ankle joint. For the joints of the upper extremities alloplastic methods were developed, too, using the durable and not tissue damaging metall alloy Vitallium. Today these can stand a competition with the classical arthroplasty. Also the homoplasty of the joints of the upper extremities is reactivated nowadays. The paper tries to show the different methods of arthroplasties at the upper extremities and at the foot used today and to balance them. Prof. Dr. H. MITTELMEIER Orthopadische Universitatsklinik 665 Homburg/Saar Landeskrankenhaus Literatur ALBEE, F. H.: Arthroplasty of the elbow. J. Bone Jt Surg. 15,979 (1933). BRANDES, M.: Zur operativen Therapie des Hallux valgus. Zbl. Chir. 56, 2434 (1929). BRAV, E. H., McFADDIN, J. G., MULLER, J. A.: The replacement of shaft defects of long bones by metallic prostheses. Amer. J. Surg. 95, 75 (1958). CAMPBELL, W. c.: Arthroplasty of the elbow. Ann. Surg. 76, 615 (1922). CARR, C. R., HOWARD, J. W.: Metallic cap replacement of radial head following fracture. West J. Surg. 59, 539-546 (1951). CLAYTON, M. L.: Surgery ofthelower extremity in rheumatoid arthritis. J. Bone Jt Surg. 45A, 1517 (1963). EDEN, R.: Zur Operation der habituellen Schulterluxation. Dtsch. Z. Chir. 144, 268 (1918)."

Some measures are absolutely essential during primary care of injured hands in order to achieve primary healing (e. g., immediate closure of the wounds), whereas under certain circumstances other procedures may be endanger healing and should preferably be carried out secondarily (e. g., suturing of tendons and nerves). The author attempts to arrive at certain principles for the primary care of severely injured hands. On the basis of examples the author demonstrates in what manner the basis for sub- sequently necessary reconstructive procedures is created by planned primary care. Both procedures may be regarded as "reconstruction in two steps" and can be ca, rried out without unnecessary loss of time. The technique of dressing, type and duration of immobilization and follow-up treatment are also factors for the achievement of a good functional result. Dr. D. BUCK-GRAMCKO Handchirurg. Abteilung Berufsgenossenschaftliches Unfallkrankenhaus 205 Hamburg 80, Bergedorfer Strasse 10 N euere Operationstechniken in der Beugesehnenchirurgie Von W. PIEPER Der Erfolg einer Beugesehnennaht und Beugesehnenplastik im Verlaufe eines Fingers oder der Hand hangt, wie wir wissen, davon ab, dass die Naht- stelle und das Transplantat moeglichst narbenarm in das Sehnenlager ein- heilen. Die Gefahr der Vernarbung besteht wahrend der fur die Heilung der Sehnennahtstelle bzw. Einheilung des Sehnentransplantates notwendigen dreiwoechigen Ruhigstellung. Erst nach dieser Zeit sind die Sehne und das Tranplantat auf Zug und Dehnung fur die Bewegung belastungsfahig.

Der Symptomenkomplex des Morbus Crouzon und die bisher bekannte Therapie wird beschrieben. Zur Korrektur des Exophthalmus bei Morbus Crouzon werden die Erfahrungen mit dem malignen Exophthalmus sowie der "Blow-out"-Fraktur des Orbitalbodens zunutze gemacht. Neben der Entfernung des Orbitalbodens zur Ruckverlagerung des Bulbus wird die Gesichtsdeformitat durch Konturaufbau im Nasen-Oberkieferbereich sowie der Brauengegend verbessert. Literatur COLE, J. G.: In TRAUTMANN, R. c., J. M. CONVERSE, and B. SMITH: Plastic and reconstructive surgery of the eye and adnexe. Was hingt on: Butterworth 1962. CONVERSE, J. M.: Reconstructive plastic surgery. Philadelphia: Saunders 1964. CROUZON, 0.: Dysostose cranio faciale-hereditaire. Bull. Soc. Med. H6p. Paris 33, 545 (1912). FLIPPEN, J. H.: Cranial fucial dysostosis of Crouzon. Pediatrics 5, 90 (1950). FOGH ANDERSON, P.: Cranio-facial dysostosis as a dominant hereditary disease. Nord. Med. 18, 993 (1943). GILLIES, H., and S. H. HARRISON: Operative correction by osteotomy of recessed malar maxillary compound in a case of exycephaly. Brit. J. plast. Surg. 3,123 (1950). HIRSCH, 0.: Surgical decompression of malignant exophthalmus. Arch. O- laryng. 51, 325 (1950). KosTEcKA, F.: Ein Beitrag zur Dysostosis cranio facialis. Z. Stomat. 35, 113 (1937). KozIAK, P. H.: Cranio stenosis. Report of22 cases. Amer. J. Ophthal. 37, 380 (1954). LEw IN, M. L.: Facial deformity in acrocephaly and its surgical correction. Arch. Ophthal. 47, 321 (1952). MESSMANN, A.: Operative Behandlung des malignen Exophthalmus. Zbl. ges. Ophthal. 45, 161 (1940). MORAN, R. E.: The correction of exophthalmus and levator spasm. Plast. re constr. Surg. 18, 411 (1956)."

This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the original. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions that are true to the original work.

Part of the Advanced Language Series, this is a revised edition of The Greek Dialects published by Chicago University Press in 1955. Its virtues were comparative clarity and conciseness on a subject too often treated, for example by contemporary work in German, with prolixity and obscurity. It became the standard scholarly introduction and reference work on questions of dialect; and though much valuable additional work has been done on the subject since its appearance, it largely retains its original virtues and still provides a valuable starting point of reference. The Advanced Language Series reissues important books on Greek and Latin Language (and associated areas) which have been unavailable for some time or have not previously appeared in readily affordable paperback format. They are intended for the reference shelves of all scholars and students of classical languages.