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Known and developed over the past twenty five years, lasers have
been experimented in a variety of processes with an uneven success.
Apart from fundamental physics experiments in which the various
aspects of coherence are systematically exploited, applications in
the field of Materials Science have been scattered recently over so
many situations that it is apparently difficult today to conceive a
comprehensive interpretation of all physical processes encountered.
In some domains of research like photochemistry, development has
been fast and rather self-supporting. In others, like solid-state
processing, progress has been either very specific or deviated
towards marginal applications, or else emerged as a joint-venture
between physicists and chemists. This yielded a number of
professional meetings, where day-to-day research activities are
presented. In 1982, the Cargese ASI on "Cohesive properties of
semiconductors under laser irradiation" was one of such meetings at
which a prospective of the field was discussed at length in
ebullient round-table sessions. Quoted from the proceedings, "the
Institute helped to discern clearly the limits of existing
theoretical approaches and the directions along which work is
urgently needed within the next few years." Four years have passed
and the field has literally explo ded. It must be mentioned that
some of the most striking developments over the past two years were
accurately predicted at the Institute in Cargese."
Der erste Laser wurde bereits Anfang 1960 als Laborgerat gebaut.
Erst in den vergangenen zwanzig Jahren ist es aber gelungen, Laser
zuverlassiger, stabiler, kompakter und billiger zu erzeugen.
Seither schreitet der Siegeszug von Lasern unaufhaltsam voran.
Viele "technische Errungenschaften," insbesondere in der
Produktionstechnik, basieren auf dem Einsatz von Lasern. Die
Lasertechnik ist heute ein eigenstandiges Fachgebiet.
Mit der Entwicklung langlebiger stabiler und billiger
Halbleiterlaser in Kombination mit moderner Optik sowie einer
leistungsfahigeren Elektronik und der standig verbesserten Glas-
und Polymerfasertechnik, ist eine weitere ganz neue Disziplin
entstanden: die Photonik. Die Photonik befasst sich mit neuen
optischen Technologien zur Erzeugung, Verstarkung, ubertragung,
Steuerung und Messung von Licht.
Die Photonik und die Lasertechnologie haben viele Fachgebiete
revolutioniert oder erst neu entstehen lassen. Anwendungen der
Photonik umfassen heute die Unterhaltungs-, Druck- und
Informationstechnologie, sowie viele Bereiche der industriellen
Fertigungs-, Mess- und Umwelttechnik, aber auch der Biotechnologie,
Medizin und Kunst.
Das vorliegende Buch soll neugierige aber auf diesem Gebiet nicht
unbedingt vorgebildete Leser an den faszinierenden Entwicklungen
der Photonik und der Lasertechnologie teilhaben lassen und ihnen
ein besseres Verstandnis der einzigartigen Eigenschaften von
Laserlicht und dessen zahlreichen Anwendungen in der Lasertechnik
und Photonik vermitteln.
Laser processing is now a rapidly increasing field with many real
and potential applications in different areas of technology such as
micromecha- nics, metallurgy, integrated optics, and semiconductor
device fabrication. The neces s ity for such soph i st i cated 1 i
ght sources as 1 asers is based on the spatial coherence and the
monochromaticity of laser light. The spatial coherence permits
extreme focussing of the laser light resulting in the availability
of high energy densities which can be used for strongly loca- lized
heat- and chemical-treatment of materials, with a resolution down
to 1 ess than 1 lJIll. When us i ng pul sed or scanned cw-l asers,
1 oca 1 i zat i on in time is also possible. Additionally, the
monochromaticity of laser light allows for control of the depth of
heat treatment and/or selective, nonthermal bond breaking - within
the surface of the material or within the molecules of the
surrounding reactive atmosphere - simply by tuning the laser
wavelength. These inherent advantages of laser light permit
micromachining of materials (drilling, cutting, welding etc. ) and
also allow single-step controlled area processing of thin films and
surfaces. Processes include structural transformation (removal of
residual damage, grain growth in polycrystalline material,
amorphization, surface hardening etc. ), etching, doping, alloying,
or deposition. In addition, laser processing is not 1 imited to
planar substrates.
Known and developed over the past twenty five years, lasers have
been experimented in a variety of processes with an uneven success.
Apart from fundamental physics experiments in which the various
aspects of coherence are systematically exploited, applications in
the field of Materials Science have been scattered recently over so
many situations that it is apparently difficult today to conceive a
comprehensive interpretation of all physical processes encountered.
In some domains of research like photochemistry, development has
been fast and rather self-supporting. In others, like solid-state
processing, progress has been either very specific or deviated
towards marginal applications, or else emerged as a joint-venture
between physicists and chemists. This yielded a number of
professional meetings, where day-to-day research activities are
presented. In 1982, the Cargese ASI on "Cohesive properties of
semiconductors under laser irradiation" was one of such meetings at
which a prospective of the field was discussed at length in
ebullient round-table sessions. Quoted from the proceedings, "the
Institute helped to discern clearly the limits of existing
theoretical approaches and the directions along which work is
urgently needed within the next few years." Four years have passed
and the field has literally explo ded. It must be mentioned that
some of the most striking developments over the past two years were
accurately predicted at the Institute in Cargese."
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