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The study of incompressible ?ows is vital to many areas of science
and te- nology. This includes most of the ?uid dynamics that one
?nds in everyday life from the ?ow of air in a room to most weather
phenomena. Inundertakingthesimulationofincompressible?uid?ows,
oneoftentakes many issues for granted. As these ?ows become more
realistic, the problems encountered become more vexing from a
computational point-of-view. These range from the benign to the
profound. At once, one must contend with the basic character of
incompressible ?ows where sound waves have been analytically
removed from the ?ow. As a consequence vortical ?ows have been
analytically "preconditioned," but the ?ow has a certain
non-physical character (sound waves of in?nite velocity). At low
speeds the ?ow will be deterministic and ordered, i.e., laminar.
Laminar ?ows are governed by a balance between the inertial and
viscous forces in the ?ow that provides the stability. Flows are
often characterized by a dimensionless number known as the Reynolds
number, which is the ratio of inertial to viscous forces in a ?ow.
Laminar ?ows correspond to smaller Reynolds numbers. Even though
laminar ?ows are organized in an orderly manner, the ?ows may
exhibit instabilities and bifurcation phenomena which may
eventually lead to transition and turbulence. Numerical modelling
of suchphenomenarequireshighaccuracyandmostimportantlytogaingreater
insight into the relationship of the numerical methods with the ?ow
physics.
The study of incompressible ?ows is vital to many areas of science
and te- nology. This includes most of the ?uid dynamics that one
?nds in everyday life from the ?ow of air in a room to most weather
phenomena. Inundertakingthesimulationofincompressible?uid?ows,
oneoftentakes many issues for granted. As these ?ows become more
realistic, the problems encountered become more vexing from a
computational point-of-view. These range from the benign to the
profound. At once, one must contend with the basic character of
incompressible ?ows where sound waves have been analytically
removed from the ?ow. As a consequence vortical ?ows have been
analytically "preconditioned," but the ?ow has a certain
non-physical character (sound waves of in?nite velocity). At low
speeds the ?ow will be deterministic and ordered, i.e., laminar.
Laminar ?ows are governed by a balance between the inertial and
viscous forces in the ?ow that provides the stability. Flows are
often characterized by a dimensionless number known as the Reynolds
number, which is the ratio of inertial to viscous forces in a ?ow.
Laminar ?ows correspond to smaller Reynolds numbers. Even though
laminar ?ows are organized in an orderly manner, the ?ows may
exhibit instabilities and bifurcation phenomena which may
eventually lead to transition and turbulence. Numerical modelling
of suchphenomenarequireshighaccuracyandmostimportantlytogaingreater
insight into the relationship of the numerical methods with the ?ow
physics.
In various branches of fluid mechanics, our understanding is
inhibited by the presence of turbulence. Although many experimental
and theoretical studies have significantly helped to increase our
physical understanding, a comp- hensive and predictive theory of
turbulent flows has not yet been established. Therefore, the
prediction of turbulent flow relies heavily on simulation stra-
gies. The development of reliable methods for turbulent flow
computation will have a significant impact on a variety of
technological advancements. These range from aircraft and car
design, to turbomachinery, combustors, and process engineering.
Moreover, simulation approaches are important in materials - sign,
prediction of biologically relevant flows, and also significantly
contribute to the understanding of environmental processes
including weather and climate forecasting. The material that is
compiled in this book presents a coherent account of contemporary
computational approaches for turbulent flows. It aims to p- vide
the reader with information about the current state of the art as
well as to stimulate directions for future research and
development. The book puts part- ular emphasis on computational
methods for incompressible and compressible turbulent flows as well
as on methods for analysing and quantifying nume- cal errors in
turbulent flow computations. In addition, it presents turbulence
modelling approaches in the context of large eddy simulation, and
unfolds the challenges in the field of simulations for multiphase
flows and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) of engineering flows
in complex geometries. Apart from reviewing main research
developments, new material is also included in many of the
chapters.
In various branches of fluid mechanics, our understanding is
inhibited by the presence of turbulence. Although many experimental
and theoretical studies have significantly helped to increase our
physical understanding, a comp- hensive and predictive theory of
turbulent flows has not yet been established. Therefore, the
prediction of turbulent flow relies heavily on simulation stra-
gies. The development of reliable methods for turbulent flow
computation will have a significant impact on a variety of
technological advancements. These range from aircraft and car
design, to turbomachinery, combustors, and process engineering.
Moreover, simulation approaches are important in materials - sign,
prediction of biologically relevant flows, and also significantly
contribute to the understanding of environmental processes
including weather and climate forecasting. The material that is
compiled in this book presents a coherent account of contemporary
computational approaches for turbulent flows. It aims to p- vide
the reader with information about the current state of the art as
well as to stimulate directions for future research and
development. The book puts part- ular emphasis on computational
methods for incompressible and compressible turbulent flows as well
as on methods for analysing and quantifying nume- cal errors in
turbulent flow computations. In addition, it presents turbulence
modelling approaches in the context of large eddy simulation, and
unfolds the challenges in the field of simulations for multiphase
flows and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) of engineering flows
in complex geometries. Apart from reviewing main research
developments, new material is also included in many of the
chapters.
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