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This book covers the public health, technical, socioeconomic,
sociocultural and institutional aspects of sanitation in towns and
cities of developing countries. The text features excreta-related
diseases and the use of sanitation to reduce their transmission.
The sanitation technologies covered in detail are VIP latrines,
pour-flush toilets, septic tanks, settled sewerage and simplified
sewerage, with additional chapters on sullage disposal, pit
emptying, and sewage treatment and reuse. Sociocultural constraints
on sanitation systems and their socioeconomic costing are
described, together with hygiene education, which is essential in
order to achieve maximum benefits to health. The text also explains
how to choose the most appropriate sanitation option for a given
low-income community. Finally, institutional aspects are reviewed,
including effective sanitation programme planning, monitoring and
evaluation.
Low-cost sewerage provides practical solutions to the sanitation
needs of low-income areas. As a result of the currently very rapid
urban population growth, the demand for sewerage exceeds the
resources of most high density urban areas in developing countries.
Low-cost alternatives to conventional sewerage, such as settled
sewerage and simplified sewerage, therefore need to be developed.
This book is the result of contributions by both academics and
practitioners who attended the International Conference on Low-cost
Sewerage which was held at the University of Leeds, England, in
July 1995. Low-cost sewerage technologies are described and their
applications in both developed and developing countries are
detailed.
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