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This volume is the outcome of a NATO Advanced Study Institute on
the Ethoexperimental Analysis of Behavior, which was held at II
Ciocco in Tuscany, in July, 1988. This particular ASI had an
interesting history. In 1980, a NATO ASI on the topic of the
Biology of Aggression was held in Bonas, France. This meeting
brought together a group of European and American researchers and
students from diverse areas, including Psychology, Zoology,
Genetics and the like, all of whom were involved or becoming
involved in the study of aggression. The Bonas meeting outlined
several emerging trends in aggression research, the most prominent
of which was an increased emphasis on the behavioral aspects of
aggression. This included studying a variety of aggressive
behaviors rather than single measures; an interest in what might
have been previously considered minutiae, such as the targets for
bites or blows and the specifics of movement relationships in
dyadic interactions; and a desire to relate the dependent variables
of laboratory tests to the typical aggressive behaviors seen for
related animals in their natural habitats. This increased attention
to natural patterns of aggressive behavior was also very
interesting in light of the many findings presented at the Bonas
meeting which indicated particular involvement of a number of
biological systems in aggression: These findings suggested that
aggression constitutes an evolved neurobehavioral system (quite
possibly more than one, in fact) representing the activities of a
relatively specific biological substrate expressed through a
patterned system of behaviors.
This volume is the outcome of a NATO Advanced Study Institute on
the Ethoexperimental Analysis of Behavior, which was held at II
Ciocco in Tuscany, in July, 1988. This particular ASI had an
interesting history. In 1980, a NATO ASI on the topic of the
Biology of Aggression was held in Bonas, France. This meeting
brought together a group of European and American researchers and
students from diverse areas, including Psychology, Zoology,
Genetics and the like, all of whom were involved or becoming
involved in the study of aggression. The Bonas meeting outlined
several emerging trends in aggression research, the most prominent
of which was an increased emphasis on the behavioral aspects of
aggression. This included studying a variety of aggressive
behaviors rather than single measures; an interest in what might
have been previously considered minutiae, such as the targets for
bites or blows and the specifics of movement relationships in
dyadic interactions; and a desire to relate the dependent variables
of laboratory tests to the typical aggressive behaviors seen for
related animals in their natural habitats. This increased attention
to natural patterns of aggressive behavior was also very
interesting in light of the many findings presented at the Bonas
meeting which indicated particular involvement of a number of
biological systems in aggression: These findings suggested that
aggression constitutes an evolved neurobehavioral system (quite
possibly more than one, in fact) representing the activities of a
relatively specific biological substrate expressed through a
patterned system of behaviors.
This Handbook brings together and integrates comprehensively the
core approaches to fear and anxiety. Its four sections: Animal
models; neural systems; pharmacology; and clinical approaches,
provide a range of perspectives that interact to produce new light
on these important and sometimes dysfunctional emotions. Fear and
anxiety are analyzed as patterns that have evolved on the basis of
their adaptive functioning in response to threat. These patterns
are stringently selected, providing a close fit with environmental
situations and events; they are highly conservative across
mammalian species, producing important similarities, along with
some systematic differences, in their human expression in
comparison to that of nonhuman mammals. These patterns are
described, with attention to both adaptive and maladaptive
components, and related to new understanding of neuroanatomic,
neurotransmitter, and genetic mechanisms. Although chapters in the
volume acknowledge important differences in views of fear and
anxiety stemming from animal vs. human research, the emphasis of
the volume is on a search for an integrated view that will
facilitate the use of animal models of anxiety to predict drug
response in people; on new technologies that will enable direct
evaluation of biological mechanisms in anxiety disorders; and on
strengthening the analysis of anxiety disorders as biological
phenomena.
- Integrates animal and human research on fear and anxiety
- Presents emerging and developing fields of human anxiety research
including imaging of anxiety disorders, the genetics of anxiety,
the pharmacology of anxiolysis, recent developments in
classification of anxiety disorders, linking these toanimal
work
- Covers basic research on innate and conditioned responses to
threat
- Presents work from the major laboratories, on fear learning and
extinction
- Reviews research on an array of neurotransmitter and
neuromodulator systems related to fear and anxiety
- Compares models, and neural systems for learned versus unlearned
responses to threat
- Relates the findings to the study, diagnostics, and treatment of
anxiety disorders, the major source of mental illness in modern
society (26 % of Americans are affected by anxiety disorders!)
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