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This written account of the Symposium on Planetary Nebulae was
prepared from manuscripts submitted by the participants. Nearly
every paper that was presented at the meeting is reproduced here,
in either complete or abbreviated form. The dis cussions have been
somewhat shortened and rearranged, but we have tried to preserve
the essential points and the general tenor of the exchanges.
Participants who spoke in the discussion were asked immediately for
written remarks, which were then edited, reproduced, and circulated
at the meeting by the highly effective local Secretariat organized
by Dr Perek. In addition, notes of the discussion taken by Mrs
Edith F. Swan and by the undersigned were used. We wish to thank
all the authors for their unusually good cooperation. We are
especially grateful to Dr Minkowski, who kindly provided many
excellent repro ductions of Mount Wilson and Palomar photographs,
mostly taken by himself, of various planetary nebulae. We are
particularly indebted to Mrs Swan, who attended the Symposium, made
notes on the papers and discussions as they occurred, and did much
of the checking and editing of the manuscripts. In addition, we are
very grateful to Mrs Evelyn Seaver, who also did much of the
checking, editing, and retyping of manuscripts, and to Dr B.L.
Webster, Miss Rebecca Todd, Mr Joseph Tapscott, and Mr Dennis
Schatz, who provided excellent assistance in the preparation of
this volume.
IAU Symposium No. 134 on Active Galactic Nuclei was hosted by the
Lick Observatory, as part of the celebration of its centennial, for
the Observatory went into operation as part of the University of
California on June 1, 1888. Twenty years later, in 1908, Lick
Observatory graduate student Edward A. Fath recognized the unusual
emission-line character of the spectrum of the nucleus of the
spiral "nebula" NGC 1068, an object now well-known as one of the
nearest and brightest Seyfert galaxies and active galactic nuclei.
Ten years after that, and seventy years before this Symposium, Lick
Observatory faculty member Heber D. Curtis published his
description of the "curious straight ray" in M 87, "apparently
connected with the nucleus by a thin line of matter," which we now
recognize as an example of one of the jets which are the subject of
so much current AGN research. The symposium was held at Kresge
College on the campus of the University of California, Santa Cruz,
only a short walk through the redwood groves to the Lick
Observatory offices. A total of 232 astronomers and astrophysicists
from 24 countries attended and took part in the Symposium. About
200 more had applied to come, but could not be accepted in order to
keep the meeting at a reasonable size. Most of the participants
lived in the Kresge College apartments immediately adjacent to the
Kresge Town Hall in which the oral sessions took place.
IAU Symposium No. 134 on Active Galactic Nuclei was hosted by the
Lick Observatory, as part of the celebration of its centennial, for
the Observatory went into operation as part of the University of
California on June 1, 1888. Twenty years later, in 1908, Lick
Observatory graduate student Edward A. Fath recognized the unusual
emission-line character of the spectrum of the nucleus of the
spiral "nebula" NGC 1068, an object now well-known as one of the
nearest and brightest Seyfert galaxies and active galactic nuclei.
Ten years after that, and seventy years before this Symposium, Lick
Observatory faculty member Heber D. Curtis published his
description of the "curious straight ray" in M 87, "apparently
connected with the nucleus by a thin line of matter," which we now
recognize as an example of one of the jets which are the subject of
so much current AGN research. The symposium was held at Kresge
College on the campus of the University of California, Santa Cruz,
only a short walk through the redwood groves to the Lick
Observatory offices. A total of 232 astronomers and astrophysicists
from 24 countries attended and took part in the Symposium. About
200 more had applied to come, but could not be accepted in order to
keep the meeting at a reasonable size. Most of the participants
lived in the Kresge College apartments immediately adjacent to the
Kresge Town Hall in which the oral sessions took place.
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