This book gives a unifying framework for estimating the abundance of open populations: populations subject to births, deaths and movement, given imperfect measurements or samples of the populations. The focus is primarily on populations of vertebrates for which dynamics are typically modelled within the framework of an annual cycle, and for which stochastic variability in the demographic processes is usually modest. Discrete-time models are developed in which animals can be assigned to discrete states such as age class, gender, maturity, population (within a metapopulation), or species (for multi-species models). The book goes well beyond estimation of abundance, allowing inference on underlying population processes such as birth or recruitment, survival and movement. This requires the formulation and fitting of population dynamics models. The resulting fitted models yield both estimates of abundance and estimates of parameters characterizing the underlying processes.

This book gives a unifying framework for estimating the abundance of open populations: populations subject to births, deaths and movement, given imperfect measurements or samples of the populations. The focus is primarily on populations of vertebrates for which dynamics are typically modelled within the framework of an annual cycle, and for which stochastic variability in the demographic processes is usually modest. Discrete-time models are developed in which animals can be assigned to discrete states such as age class, gender, maturity, population (within a metapopulation), or species (for multi-species models). The book goes well beyond estimation of abundance, allowing inference on underlying population processes such as birth or recruitment, survival and movement. This requires the formulation and fitting of population dynamics models. The resulting fitted models yield both estimates of abundance and estimates of parameters characterizing the underlying processes.

A NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the "Mechanisms of Reactions of Organometallic Compounds with Surfaces" was held in St. Andrews, Scotland in June 1988. Many of the leading international researchers in this area were present at the workshop and all made oral presentations of their results. In addition, significant amounts of time were set aside for Round Table discussions, in which smaller groups considered the current status of mechanistic knowledge, identified areas of dispute or disagreement, and proposed experiments that need to be carried out to resolve such disputes so as to advance our understanding of this important research area. All the papers presented at the workshop are collected in this volume, together with summaries of the conclusions reached at the Round Table discussions. The workshop could not have taken place without financial support from NATO, and donations were also received from Associated Octel, Ltd., STC Ltd., and Epichem Ltd., for which the organisers are very grateful. The organisation of the meeting was greatly assisted by Mrs G. MacArthur and Mr L.R. Dunley of the Chemistry Department, St. Andrews University.

Volume therapy or infusion therapy is used worldwide for the treatment of hypovolemia caused by surgical blood and plasma losses, trauma, burns, or infections. Interestingly, significant differences exist between countries regarding the use of plasma substitutes. In the United States, crystalloids and albumin are more popular, whereas in Europe artificial colloids such as hydroxyethyl starch are preferred. From an international perspective, it is notable that volume therapy using hydroxyethyl starch is an established therapy for the treatment of cerebral, retinal, otogenic, and peripheral circulation disorders in Germany. In other countries, crys talloids are mostly used to treat dehydration or hypovolemia, for example in brain stroke. In recent years, new data made it possible to overcome national differences and agree on an evidence-based, international con sensus. The efficacy of different plasma substitutes for a volume therapy last ing several days has not been sufficiently studied in the past. Long-term volume therapy of patients with cerebral perfusion disorders is an excel lent model for studying the effects of artificial colloids in detail, because of the high doses of colloids that are administered. Through a compari son of commonly used plasma substitutes, we were able to show that sig nificant differences exist between different colloids, for example in their effect on coagulation. After repeated infusion, hydroxyethyl starches that are difficult to degrade lead to an accumulation of large molecules that are difficult to eliminate. These large molecules impair factor VIII/von Willebrand factor."

A NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the "Mechanisms of Reactions of Organometallic Compounds with Surfaces" was held in St. Andrews, Scotland in June 1988. Many of the leading international researchers in this area were present at the workshop and all made oral presentations of their results. In addition, significant amounts of time were set aside for Round Table discussions, in which smaller groups considered the current status of mechanistic knowledge, identified areas of dispute or disagreement, and proposed experiments that need to be carried out to resolve such disputes so as to advance our understanding of this important research area. All the papers presented at the workshop are collected in this volume, together with summaries of the conclusions reached at the Round Table discussions. The workshop could not have taken place without financial support from NATO, and donations were also received from Associated Octel, Ltd., STC Ltd., and Epichem Ltd., for which the organisers are very grateful. The organisation of the meeting was greatly assisted by Mrs G. MacArthur and Mr L.R. Dunley of the Chemistry Department, St. Andrews University.

Leza Robinson comes up tough and has not been home in years. After her Aunt dies she returns to Youngstown, Ohio. Only to find out her ex, Victor is angrier then ever and wants his money back that she took or she will pay for it with her life. Desiree' Baldwin has the perfect life or so it seems. She has a model like body and a big-time banker husband. All that comes crashing down when she walks in on her husband and what she thought was his cousin, in bed. Samantha Rose is what you call hood royalty. To the untrained eye she runs a successful modeling agency. However, all the ballers call her when they want some eyecandy. She is a glorified madam for the hood. Hoods from Youngstown, Cleveland, Cincinnati, Columbus and Akron, know who she is. It comes to light that there is a snitch in her crew and he out to get her. Together all three of their lives intertwine and complete chaos erupts threating to shatter friendships and endanger lives. This is a fresh new twist on how women handle themselves in the hood.

Leza Robinson comes up tough and has not been home in years. After her Aunt dies she returns to Youngstown, Ohio. Only to find out her ex, Victor is angrier then ever and wants his money back that she took or she will pay for it with her life. Desiree' Baldwin has the perfect life or so it seems. She has a model like body and a big-time banker husband. All that comes crashing down when she walks in on her husband and what she thought was his cousin, in bed. Samantha Rose is what you call hood royalty. To the untrained eye she runs a successful modeling agency. However, all the ballers call her when they want some eyecandy. She is a glorified madam for the hood. Hoods from Youngstown, Cleveland, Cincinnati, Columbus and Akron, know who she is. It comes to light that there is a snitch in her crew and he out to get her. Together all three of their lives intertwine and complete chaos erupts threating to shatter friendships and endanger lives. This is a fresh new twist on how women handle themselves in the hood.