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This books systematically assesses the role of government in the
computerization of U.S. and world society. Part One traces the
evolution of postwar policy for domestic telematics--in parallel
with growing corporate demand for merged computer-communication
services under private mastery. Part Two extends the arguments to
the international sphere, as the structure of corporate enterprise
is now essentially transnational. Part Three returns to
Government's other critical role in the computerization process, as
a market for advanced telematics equipment and services.
The book traces the extraordinary development of ideas about the concept of communication over the past two centuries. It focuses on how these ideas developed out of economic and social conditions, and how the ideas have been constantly subject to radical critique.
A sweeping, revisionist historical analysis of telecommunications
networks, from the dawn of the republic to the 21st century.
Telecommunications networks are vast, intricate, hugely costly
systems for exchanging messages and information-within cities and
across continents. From the Post Office and the telegraph to
today's internet, these networks have sown domestic division while
also acting as sources of international power. In Crossed Wires,
Dan Schiller, who has conducted archival research on US
telecommunications for more than forty years, recovers the
extraordinary social history of the major network systems of the
United States. Drawing on arrays of archival documents and
secondary sources, Schiller reveals that this history has been
shaped by sharp social and political conflict and is embedded in
the larger history of an expansionary US political economy.
Schiller argues that networks have enabled US imperialism through a
a recurrent "American system" of cross-border communications. Three
other key findings wind through the book. First, business users of
networks—more than carriers, and certainly more than residential
users—have repeatedly determined how telecommunications systems
have developed. Second, despite their current importance for
virtually every sphere of social life, networks have been
consecrated above all to aiding the circulation of commodities.
Finally, although the preferences of executives and officials have
broadly determined outcomes, these elites have repeatedly had to
contend against the ideas and organizations of workers, social
movement activists, and other reformers. This authoritative and
comprehensive revisionist history of US telecommunications argues
that not technology but a dominative—and contested—political
economy drove the evolution of this critical industry.
It is common wisdom that the U.S. economy has adapted to losses in
its manufacturing base because of the booming information sector,
with high-paying jobs for everything from wireless networks to
video games. We are told we live in the Information Age, in which
communications networks and media and information services drive
the larger economy. While the Information Age may have looked sunny
in the beginning, as it has developed it looks increasingly
ominous: its economy and benefits grow more and more
centralized--and in the United States, it has become less and less
subject to democratic oversight. Corporations around the world have
identified the value of information and are now seeking to control
its production, transmission, and consumption. In How to
Think about Information, Dan Schiller explores the ways
information has been increasingly commodified as a result and how
it both resembles and differs from other commodities. Through a
linked series of theoretical, historical, and contemporary studies,
Schiller reveals this commodification as both dynamic and
expansionary, but also deeply conflicted and uncertain. He examines
the transformative political and economic changes occurring
throughout the informational realm and analyzes key dimensions of
the process, including the buildup of new technological platforms,
the growth of a transnationalizing culture industry, and the role
played by China as it reinserts itself into an informationalized
capitalism.
The financial crisis of 2007-08 shook the idea that advanced
information and communications technologies (ICTs) as solely a
source of economic rejuvenation and uplift, instead introducing the
world to the once-unthinkable idea of a technological revolution
wrapped inside an economic collapse. In Digital Depression, Dan
Schiller delves into the ways networked systems and ICTs have
transformed global capitalism during the so-called Great Recession.
He focuses on capitalism's crisis tendencies to confront the
contradictory matrix of a technological revolution and economic
stagnation making up the current political economy and demonstrates
digital technology's central role in the global political economy.
As he shows, the forces at the core of capitalism--exploitation,
commodification, and inequality--are ongoing and accelerating
within the networked political economy.
A robot can build a car. But a robot cannot buy a car ... The
explosion in the development of computer- and robot-based
manufacturing is seeing the rapid expansion of laborless production
systems. Such systems create enormous instability, both for the
overall world economy where money previously paid in wages is now
invested in labor-saving technology and therefore cannot be spent
on goods, and for workers whose jobs are being de-skilled or are
simply disappearing. Bringing together contributions from workers
employed in the new electronics and information industries with
theorists in economics, politics and science, Cutting Edge provides
an up-to-the-minute analysis of the complex relations between
technology and work. Individual essays look at topics including the
cyclical nature of a technologically driven economy, the
privatization of knowledge which new information industries demand,
the convergence of different economic sectors under the impact of
digitalization, and the strategies which trade unionists and
governments might deploy to protect jobs and living standards.
Technology has the potential to end material scarcity and lay the
foundations for higher forms of human fulfillment. But under
existing power structures, it is more likely to exacerbate the
poverty and misery under which most people live. Cutting Edge
weighs that balance and, in helping us to understand how technology
interacts with the production of goods and services, tips it in the
direction of a more equal and creative world.
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