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Ithasbeenstatedthatourknowledgedoublesevery20years, butthatmaybe an
understatement when considering the Life Sciences. A series of
discoveries and inventions have propelled our knowledge from the
recognition that DNA
isthegeneticmaterialtoabasicmolecularunderstandingofourselvesandthe
living world around us in less than 50 years. Crucial to this rapid
progress was thediscoveryofthedouble-helicalstructureofDNA,
whichlaidthefoundation forallhybridizationbasedtechnologies.
Thediscoveriesofrestrictionenzymes, ligases, polymerases, combined
with key innovations in DNA synthesis and sequencing ushered in the
era of biotechnologyas a new science with profound sociological and
economic implications that are likely to have a dominating in?uence
on the development of our society during this century. Given the
process by which science builds on prior knowledge, it is perhaps
unfair to single out a few inventions and credit them with having
contributed most to thisavalancheofknowledge. Yet,
therearesurelysomethatwillberecognized as having had a more
profound impact than others, not just in the furthering of our
scienti?c knowledge, but by leveraging commercial applications that
provide a tangible return to our society. The now famous Polymerase
Chain Reaction, or PCR, is surely one of those, as it has uniquely
catalyzed molecular biology during the past 20 years, and continues
to have a signi?cant impact on all areas that involve nucleic
acids, ranging from molecular pathology to forensics. Ten years ago
micro- ray technology emerged as a new and powerful tool to study
nucleic acid - quences in a highly multiplexed manner, and has
since found equally exciting and useful applications in the study
of proteins, metabolites, toxins, viruses, whole cells and even
tissu
Ithasbeenstatedthatourknowledgedoublesevery20years,butthatmaybe an
understatement when considering the Life Sciences. A series of
discoveries and inventions have propelled our knowledge from the
recognition that DNA
isthegeneticmaterialtoabasicmolecularunderstandingofourselvesandthe
living world around us in less than 50 years. Crucial to this rapid
progress was
thediscoveryofthedouble-helicalstructureofDNA,whichlaidthefoundation
forallhybridizationbasedtechnologies.
Thediscoveriesofrestrictionenzymes, ligases, polymerases, combined
with key innovations in DNA synthesis and sequencing ushered in the
era of biotechnologyas a new science with profound sociological and
economic implications that are likely to have a dominating in?uence
on the development of our society during this century. Given the
process by which science builds on prior knowledge, it is perhaps
unfair to single out a few inventions and credit them with having
contributed most to thisavalancheofknowledge.
Yet,therearesurelysomethatwillberecognized as having had a more
profound impact than others, not just in the furthering of our
scienti?c knowledge, but by leveraging commercial applications that
provide a tangible return to our society. The now famous Polymerase
Chain Reaction, or PCR, is surely one of those, as it has uniquely
catalyzed molecular biology during the past 20 years, and continues
to have a signi?cant impact on all areas that involve nucleic
acids, ranging from molecular pathology to forensics. Ten years ago
micro- ray technology emerged as a new and powerful tool to study
nucleic acid - quences in a highly multiplexed manner, and has
since found equally exciting and useful applications in the study
of proteins, metabolites, toxins, viruses, whole cells and even
tissues.
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