This book reflects the research output of the Committee on the International Protection of Consumers of the International Law Association (ILA). The Committee was created in 2008, with a mandate to study the role of public and private law to protect consumers, review UN Guidelines, and to model laws, international treaties and national legislations concerning protection and consumer redress. It has been accepted to act as an observer not only when the UNCTAD was updating its guidelines, but also at the Hague Conference on Private International Law. The book includes the contributions of various Committee members in the past few years and is a result of the cooperation between the Committee members and experts from Australia, Brazil, Canada and China. It is divided into three parts: the first part addresses trends and challenges in international protection of consumers, while the second part focuses on financial crises and consumer protection and the third part examines national and regional consumer law issues.

Presenting a wealth of highly original and innovative analyses and case studies, this book examines the strategic ties between various emerging economies, their different approaches to finding mutual trade solutions, and new trends in the use of contingent protection. The research methodology can also be applied to the study of specific Latin American countries or other developed or developing states in comparison to China. The book presents new theories and offers a valuable template for further studies in this area. Further, the application of the New Haven approach can further develop the studies' potential to offer guidance in a broader context.

Presenting a wealth of highly original and innovative analyses and case studies, this book examines the strategic ties between various emerging economies, their different approaches to finding mutual trade solutions, and new trends in the use of contingent protection. The research methodology can also be applied to the study of specific Latin American countries or other developed or developing states in comparison to China. The book presents new theories and offers a valuable template for further studies in this area. Further, the application of the New Haven approach can further develop the studies' potential to offer guidance in a broader context.

This book provides an essential overview of trade between Brazil and China, analyzes the regulatory framework for Brazil's foodstuff exportation and China's foodstuff importation, and identifies the main products, market shares, barriers to market access, and e-commerce strategies. The book also addresses the importance of consumer health and the latest developments regarding the United Nations Guidelines for Consumer Protection. Lastly, based on the statistics for Brazil's food exports to Mainland China, Hong Kong and Macau as separate customs areas, the book explores the role of Macau and calls for intensifying its links with Portuguese-speaking countries, including Brazil.

"Micromagnetics and Recording Materials" is a book trying to give a systematic theory of computational applied magnetism, based on Maxwell equations of fields and Landau-Lifshitz equations of magnetic moments. The focused magnetic materials are magnetic recording materials utilized in computer hard disk drives. Traditionally, Micromagnetics includes the areas of magnetization curve theory," domain theory" and read and write process analyses in recording systems . As Springer Briefs, this book includes the first two areas of micromagnetics. M-H loops of hard magnetic thin film media, soft magnetic layers and Tunneling MagnetoResistive spin valves are solved based on the microstructures of thin films. Static domain structures and dynamic switching processes are analyzed in the arbitrary-shaped magnetic devices such as write head pole tips and magnetic force microscope tips. The book is intended for researchers who are interested in applied magnetism and magnetic recording in all disciples of physical science.

Prof. Dan Weiworks at Tsinghua University, China."

Microgrid Protection and Control is the result of numerous research works and publications by R&D engineers and scientists of the Microgrid and Energy Internet Research Centre. Through the authors long-routed experience in the microgrid and energy internet industry, this book looks at the sophisticated protection and control issues connected to the special nature of microgrid. The book explains the different ways of classifying types of microgrids and common misconceptions, looking at industrial and research trends along with the different technical issues and challenges faced with deploying microgrid in various settings. Forecasting short-term demand and renewable generation for optimal operation is covered with techniques for accurate enhancement supported with practical application examples. With chapters on dynamic, transient and tertiary control and experimental and simulation tests this reference is useful for all those working in the research, engineering and application of microgrids and power distribution systems.

This book covers technologies that pose new challenges for consumer policy, creative developments that can help protect consumers' economic interests, innovative approaches to addressing perennial consumer concerns, and the challenges entailed by emerging ways of creating and delivering consumer products and services. In addition, it reflects on past successes and failures of consumer law and policy, explores opportunities for moving consumer law in a different direction, and discusses potential threats to consumer welfare, especially in connection with the changing political landscape in many parts of the world. Several chapters examine consumer law in individual countries, while others have an international focus.

This book on Company Law in Brazil highlights the innovative options that the Brazilian legislature has developed in the modernization of the legal framework that governs the business activities at the same time that it broadens horizons on the perception and knowledge of the business legal regime in Brazil. It is of great importance for academics who will have the opportunity to study and teach modern Brazilian Company Law and discuss the main Brazilian theories and legal options on Company Law. It is intended to serve as a reliable source for scholars who are interested in Brazilian Company Law and general Company Law as it can be used for comparative legal studies. For business operators the book provides reliable information on how business operations can be conducted under the Brazilian legal system. The book offers a comprehensive approach of the Brazilian Company Law, ranging from the process of construction and modernization of company law in Brazil to the legal regime on insolvency and recovery of commercial entrepreneurs in Brazil. The figure of the commercial entrepreneur is highlighted, listing the main aspects to consider for the acquisition of the status of commercial entrepreneur in Brazil and the special obligations that are imposed on the business operators either individuals or companies.

Brazil, experiencing its largest economic expansion in three decades, is increasingly at the centre of international trade negotiations. As the world grapples with one of the most severe financial recessions of all time, Brazil is using this opportunity to harness its authority regionally and globally. The country's already booming exports, recent offshore oil discoveries, macroeconomic stabilization, efficient government policies, and strategic ties to other emerging powers such as China are combining to transform Brazil into an economic superpower. Domestically, Brazil has almost instantaneously been given added political clout, which it can use as leverage in international bargaining. Brazil's growing prominence on the world stage, both as an investor and as a beneficiary of investments, merits attention to its behaviour regarding contingent protection measures and its strategically active use of WTO law and mechanisms. This book provides a thorough analysis of current Brazilian trade policy in regard to both the country's historical economic situation and its commitments as a member of the World Trade Organization. Among the aspects that come under analysis are the following: Brazil's use of antidumping, countervailing measures, and safeguards; the lingering tendency towards protectionism in Brazil's traditional industrial sector; interaction between trade and competition policies; the strategic partnership between Brazil and China; resolution of Sino-Brazilian trade disputes; Brazil's regional free trade agreements; measures taken by Brazil as an importing country; measures taken by other WTO members against Brazil; and investigations conducted by foreign trade investigating authorities involving Brazilian exports. Replete with case studies and analyses of relevant proposals and initiatives, this incomparable resource offers the most comprehensive treatment available in one place of Brazil's role and activity in the global trade regime. It is sure to be widely read not only by lawyers and legal academics but by the entire spectrum of those interested in the present and future of the world trade system.