The communitarian critic of liberalism argues that the socio-political context is fundamental to any understanding of the individual as such. This debate is advanced by particularising it to the experience of Jews in the modern world. Essays focus on the variety of views of the relationships between the individual Jew and the communities, religious and secular, of which he or she is a member.

In this innovative volume contemporary philosophers respond to classic works of Jewish philosophy. For each of twelve central topics in Jewish philosophy, Jewish philosophical readings, drawn from the medieval period through the twentieth century, appear alongside an invited contribution that engages both the readings and the contemporary philosophical literature in a constructive dialogue. The twelve topics are organized into four sections, and each section commences with an overview of the ensuing dialogue and concludes with a list of further readings. The introduction to the volume assesses the current state of Jewish philosophy and argues for a deeper engagement with analytic philosophy, exemplified by the new contributions. Jewish Philosophy Past and Present: Contemporary Responses to Classical Sources is a cutting edge work of Jewish philosophy, and, at the same time, an engaging introduction to the issues that animated Jewish philosophers for centuries and to the texts that they have produced. It is designed to set the agenda in Jewish philosophy for years to come.

Jewish philosophy is often presented as an addendum to Jewish religion rather than as a rich and varied tradition in its own right, but the History of Jewish Philosophy explores the entire scope and variety of Jewish philosophy from philosophical interpretations of the Bible right up to contemporary Jewish feminist and postmodernist thought. The links between Jewish philosophy and its wider cultural context are stressed, building up a comprehensive and historically sensitive view of Jewish philosophy and its place in the development of philosophy as a whole. Includes: Detailed discussions of the most important Jewish philosophers and philosophical movements Descriptions of the social and cultural contexts in which Jewish philosophical thought developed throughout the centuries Contributions by 35 leading scholars in the field, from Britain, Canada, Israel and the US Detailed and extensive bibliographies Haggai Ben-Shammai, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Alexander Broadie, Department of Philosophy, University of Glasgow; Elisheva Carlebach, Department of

Jewish philosophy is often presented as an addendum to Jewish religion, rather than as a rich and varied tradition in its own right. This volume explores the entire scope and variety of Jewish philosophy from the Bible as a source for philosophical interpretation up to Jewish feminist thought. It includes:
* detailed discussions of the most important Jewish philosophers, from Moses Maimonides to Spinoza and Leo Strauss
* chapters on key concepts in Jewish thought, such as mysticism, orthodoxy or zionism
* descriptions of the social and cultural contexts in which Jewish philosophical thought developed throughout the centuries
* a detailed and extensive bibliography
* contributions by 40 leading experts from Britain, Israel and the United States
The links between Jewish philosophy and its wider cultural context emerge, so that an accurate view of the place of Jewish philosophy in the development of philosophy as a whole results.

In this innovative volume contemporary philosophers respond to classic works of Jewish philosophy. For each of twelve central topics in Jewish philosophy, Jewish philosophical readings, drawn from the medieval period through the twentieth century, appear alongside an invited contribution that engages both the readings and the contemporary philosophical literature in a constructive dialogue. The twelve topics are organized into four sections, and each section commences with an overview of the ensuing dialogue and concludes with a list of further readings. The introduction to the volume assesses the current state of Jewish philosophy and argues for a deeper engagement with analytic philosophy, exemplified by the new contributions. Jewish Philosophy Past and Present: Contemporary Responses to Classical Sources is a cutting edge work of Jewish philosophy, and, at the same time, an engaging introduction to the issues that animated Jewish philosophers for centuries and to the texts that they have produced. It is designed to set the agenda in Jewish philosophy for years to come.

Baruch Spinoza is one of the most influential and controversial political philosophers of the early modern period. Though best-known for his contributions to metaphysics, Spinoza's Theological-Political Treatise (1670) and his unfinished Political Treatise (1677) were widely debated and helped to shape the political writings of philosophers as diverse as Rousseau, Kant, Marx, Nietzsche, and (although he publicly denied it) even Locke. In addition to its enormous historical importance, Spinoza's political philosophy is also strikingly contemporary in its advocacy of toleration of unpopular religious and political views and his concern with stabilizing religiously diverse democratic societies. The first Guidebook to Spinoza's political writings, The Routledge Philosophy Guidebook to Spinoza on Politics covers the following key points: Spinoza's life and the background to his philosophy the key themes and arguments of the Theological-Political-Treatise and Political Treatise the continuing importance of Spinoza's work to philosophy. This book is an ideal starting point for anyone new to Spinoza and essential reading for students of political philosophy and seventeenth-century philosophy.

Moses Maimonides' Guide of the Perplexed (c. 1190) is the greatest and most influential text in the history of Jewish philosophy. Controversial in its day, the Guide directly influenced Aquinas, Spinoza, and Leibniz, and the history of Jewish philosophy took a decisive turn after its appearance. While there continues to be keen interest in Maimonides and his philosophy, this is the first scholarly collection in English devoted specifically to the Guide. It includes contributions from an international team of scholars addressing the most important philosophical themes that range over the three parts of this sprawling work - including topics in the philosophy of language, metaphysics, epistemology, philosophy of law, ethics, and political philosophy. There are also essays on the Guide's hermeneutic puzzles, and on its overall structure and philosophical trajectory. The volume will be of interest to philosophers, Judaists, theologians, and medievalists.

"Collective behavior" can be defined as human individuals acting together in groups; these groups can be as small as three people, or as large as millions of people. Collective behavior is also concerned with animals forming swarms and flocks, neurons firing in synchrony, and chemical and biochemical particles with on-board energy depots acting together as a whole. As such, collective behavior refers to units (humans, animals, neurons, biochemical substances, etc.) interacting with each other to form a whole. In physics, collective phenomena have been studied for a long time for systems that are in thermodynamic equilibrium. Magnetism produced by the alignment of elementary spins is a well-known example. In contrast, in this book, collective behavior refers to systems composed of units that operate far from thermodynamical equilibrium. It is about lifeforms and active biochemical substances. This book presents recent developments in the research field of collective behavior. Various disciplines are addressed, ranging from economy, leisure sciences, and psychology to neurosciences, physics and biology. This book is intended both for the general reader interested in collective behavior and for the quantitative researcher looking for an update in this rapidly developing field. This book has two parts. The first part presents theoretical fundamentals and concepts. The second part provides chapters with mathematical modeling and simulations. Although the individual chapters of this book report from a variety of research disciplines, the chapters are interconnected with each other and give rise to a general picture of the state-of-the-art research on collective behavior.

Baruch Spinoza is one of the most influential and controversial political philosophers of the early modern period. Though best-known for his contributions to metaphysics, Spinoza's Theological-Political Treatise (1670) and his unfinished Political Treatise (1677) were widely debated and helped to shape the political writings of philosophers as diverse as Rousseau, Kant, Marx, Nietzsche, and (although he publicly denied it) even Locke. In addition to its enormous historical importance, Spinoza's political philosophy is also strikingly contemporary in its advocacy of toleration of unpopular religious and political views and his concern with stabilizing religiously diverse democratic societies. The first Guidebook to Spinoza's political writings, The Routledge Philosophy Guidebook to Spinoza on Politics covers the following key points: Spinoza's life and the background to his philosophy the key themes and arguments of the Theological-Political-Treatise and Political Treatise the continuing importance of Spinoza's work to philosophy. This book is an ideal starting point for anyone new to Spinoza and essential reading for students of political philosophy and seventeenth-century philosophy.

Analyses of different aspects of the history of warfare in the Mediterranean in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. The kingdom of Sicily plays a huge part in the history of the Norman people; their conquest brought in a new era of invasion, interaction and integration in the Mediterranean, However, much previous scholarship has tended to concentrate on their activities in England and the Holy Land. This volume aims to redress the balance by focusing on the Hautevilles, their successors and their followers. It considers the operational, tactical, technical and logistical aspects of the conduct of war in the South throughout the eleventh and twelfth centuries, looking also at its impact on Italian and Sicilian multi-cultural society. Topics include the narratives of the Norman expansion, exchanges and diffusion between the "military cultures" of the Normans and the peoples they encountered in the South, and their varied policies of conquest, consolidation and expansion in the different operational theatres of land and sea.

Gegenwartige Zeitdiagnosen sehen sich haufig durch das Religioese herausgefordert und stellen es in den Mittelpunkt einer Analyse der modernen Gesellschaft. Daneben entwickelt sich in den letzten Jahren eine soziologische Theorierichtung, die eng am Begriff der Praxis ausgerichtet ist und vor allem in ihrer postkolonialen Ausformung universellen Gesellschaftsdiagnosen hoechst skeptisch gegenubersteht. Diese Ansatze kommen zu Neudefinitionen soziologischer Grundbegriffe, indem sie etwa die Rolle der menschlichen Koerper und der materialen Dinge bei der Entstehung und Reproduktion von Praktiken und Praxisformen zentral thematisieren. Die praxistheoretische Perspektive verspricht, so die Ausgangshypothese des Bandes, nicht nur hinsichtlich der Thematisierung des Religioesen fruchtbare Anknupfungspunkte fur die Religionssoziologie zu liefern, sondern zeigt ausserdem, wie sich die Axiome des klassischen Modernitatsdiskurses praxistheoretisch revidieren oder moeglicherweise neu fassen lassen.

The scientific study of networks - computer, social, and biological - has received an enormous amount of interest in recent years. However, the network approach has been applied to the field of animal behaviour relatively late compared to many other biological disciplines. Understanding social network structure is of great importance for biologists since the structural characteristics of any network will affect its constituent members and influence a range of diverse behaviours. These include finding and choosing a sexual partner, developing and maintaining cooperative relationships, and engaging in foraging and anti-predator behavior. This novel text provides an overview of the insights that network analysis has provided into major biological processes, and how it has enhanced our understanding of the social organisation of several important taxonomic groups. It brings together researchers from a wide range of disciplines with the aim of providing both an overview of the power of the network approach for understanding patterns and process in animal populations, as well as outlining how current methodological constraints and challenges can be overcome. Animal Social Networks is principally aimed at graduate level students and researchers in the fields of ecology, zoology, animal behaviour, and evolutionary biology but will also be of interest to social scientists.

How do we recognize error in our thinking? How can we enjoy the spiritual benefits of practicing our religion while not condemning the religion of others? These questions, and so much more, are addressed in the eighty-one commentaries included in this book. These commentaries refer to, but are independent of, the illuminating and compelling essay collection about Lao-tzu's Tao Te Ching, as voiced in Change Your Thoughts-Change Your Life by Dr. Wayne W. Dyer. Living "right," according to the Tao, anticipates that we have both the understanding needed to make right choices and the knowledge to recognize the types of behavior that are important for us to change. However, of equal or greater significance to these skills are the feelings that drive our internal motivation at our center. Many of us need to learn the life lessons that keep popping up as issues in our lives. They keep resurfacing again and again until we finally recognize the lessons and actually learn them. We know we have really been learning our lessons when we notice that our intentions are genuinely beginning to change. Not learning them holds us hostage and keeps us repeating the same dumb behavior. Each commentary has at least one labeled graphic that represents one or more aspect of the main idea of each section. The purpose of these graphics is to provide visualization for what otherwise might remain more abstract . We have absolutely no concept of how the connections we feel and know to be real actually come about, between ourselves and others, between us and the happenings of life, or between us and God. We often describe these feelings or experiences as resulting from some type of energy, but what might that really mean? Reflecting this unexplainable, invisible, but vital connection on the written page through symbolism provides our minds with a crutch to assist understanding and recall. Although the illustrations as drawn may have little or no basis in the facts, as they are accepted today, or even as new discoveries may reveal, the understanding of the concepts that develop through their use helps us apply the "gems" that Lao-tzu speaks of in the Tao, to our lives.

How do we recognize error in our thinking? How can we enjoy the spiritual benefits of practicing our religion while not condemning the religion of others? These questions, and so much more, are addressed in the eighty-one commentaries included in this book. These commentaries refer to, but are independent of, the illuminating and compelling essay collection about Lao-tzu's Tao Te Ching, as voiced in Change Your Thoughts-Change Your Life by Dr. Wayne W. Dyer. Living "right," according to the Tao, anticipates that we have both the understanding needed to make right choices and the knowledge to recognize the types of behavior that are important for us to change. However, of equal or greater significance to these skills are the feelings that drive our internal motivation at our center. Many of us need to learn the life lessons that keep popping up as issues in our lives. They keep resurfacing again and again until we finally recognize the lessons and actually learn them. We know we have really been learning our lessons when we notice that our intentions are genuinely beginning to change. Not learning them holds us hostage and keeps us repeating the same dumb behavior. Each commentary has at least one labeled graphic that represents one or more aspect of the main idea of each section. The purpose of these graphics is to provide visualization for what otherwise might remain more abstract . We have absolutely no concept of how the connections we feel and know to be real actually come about, between ourselves and others, between us and the happenings of life, or between us and God. We often describe these feelings or experiences as resulting from some type of energy, but what might that really mean? Reflecting this unexplainable, invisible, but vital connection on the written page through symbolism provides our minds with a crutch to assist understanding and recall. Although the illustrations as drawn may have little or no basis in the facts, as they are accepted today, or even as new discoveries may reveal, the understanding of the concepts that develop through their use helps us apply the "gems" that Lao-tzu speaks of in the Tao, to our lives.

Moses Maimonides' Guide of the Perplexed (c. 1190) is the greatest and most influential text in the history of Jewish philosophy. Controversial in its day, the Guide directly influenced Aquinas, Spinoza, and Leibniz, and the history of Jewish philosophy took a decisive turn after its appearance. While there continues to be keen interest in Maimonides and his philosophy, this is the first scholarly collection in English devoted specifically to the Guide. It includes contributions from an international team of scholars addressing the most important philosophical themes that range over the three parts of this sprawling work - including topics in the philosophy of language, metaphysics, epistemology, philosophy of law, ethics, and political philosophy. There are also essays on the Guide's hermeneutic puzzles, and on its overall structure and philosophical trajectory. The volume will be of interest to philosophers, Judaists, theologians, and medievalists.

Ein Projekt, 7 Autoren und 9 Wochen Zeit um ein Buch zu schreiben. Unter dem Projekt-Motto "Was ich schon immer mal tun wollte, mich aber noch nie getraut habe zu tun" entstand der Kurzgeschichtenband "Projekt: Deadline," mit 10 Geschichten, die so vielfaltig und abwechslungsreich sind, wie ihre Verfasser. Die Autoren sind alle Auszubildende zur/zum Erzieher/in, jede/r mit einer eigenen Geschichte und unterschiedlichen literarischen Vorbildern und Vorlieben. In diesem Band treffen diese Sieben nun aufeinander. To Do-Seiten laden den Leser ein, das Buch zu personalisieren und zu einem ganz individuellen Exemplar zu machen.

Die F lle der Informationen von Ausgrabungen und Publikationen der r mischen Stadtforschung und ihren zugeh rigen Forschungsgebieten ist kaum mehr zu berblicken. Die Komplexit t, was eine Stadt der Kaiserzeit definiert, wirft immer wieder neue Fragen und Probleme auf. Die in dieser Arbeit behandelten Themen ergeben einen berblick der r mischen Stadtentwicklung im Hinblick auf kaiserliche Propaganda, Ideologisierung und Romanisierung von St dten. Augustus leitet den Beginn der kaiserlichen Repr sentation ein. Es sind Vorgaben und Umsetzung der Bauprogramme in den ffentlichen Bereichen ma gebend f r das neue Zeitalter. Eine neue ra der Verwendung von Architektur mit ehrw rdigen Baumaterialien und einer in die K nste eingebrachten Bildsprache" bricht an. Es ist eine Zeit des Umbruchs von der Rhetorik hinzu der Idee, dass die Welt durch die M glichkeit des Sehens begriffen und erfahren wird. Die neuen Machtverh ltnisse werden durch die Sprache der Bilder gegen ber der ffentlichkeit demonstriert. Mit Augustus dem ersten Prinzeps, der durch Beendigung der B rgerkriege einen Aufschwung der r mischen Wirtschaft herbeif hrt, kann sich die Monumentalisierung voll entfalten. Die augusteische Ideologie" ist ma gebend f r das zuk nftige Erscheinungsbild der r mischen St dte. Die Hauptstadt des R mischen Reiches, Rom, als Vorreiter definierte f r die St dte der Provinzen den Prozess der Monumentalisierung und die Honoratiorenfamilien setzten dies um. Die einst von republikanischen Strukturen gepr gten St dte erfahren eine Bl tezeit durch kaiserliche Repr sentation. Das vorliegende Buch zeichnet die Entwicklung der r mischen Stadt nach und zeigt ihre verschiedenen Auspr gungen und Funktionen auf.

Bachelorarbeit aus dem Jahr 2011 im Fachbereich Archaologie, Note: 2, Universitat Salzburg (Altertumswissenschaften), Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die Fulle der Informationen von Ausgrabungen und Publikationen der romischen Stadtforschung und ihren zugehorigen Forschungsgebieten ist kaum mehr zu uberblicken. Die Komplexitat, was eine Stadt der Kaiserzeit definiert, wirft immer wieder neue Fragen und Probleme auf. Die in dieser Arbeit behandelten Themen ergeben einen Uberblick der romischen Stadtentwicklung im Hinblick auf kaiserliche Propaganda, Ideologisierung und Romanisierung von Stadten. Augustus leitet den Beginn der kaiserlichen Reprasentation ein. Es sind Vorgaben und Umsetzung der Bauprogramme in den offentlichen Bereichen massgebend fur das neue Zeitalter. Eine neue Ara der Verwendung von Architektur mit ehrwurdigen Baumaterialien und einer in die Kunste eingebrachten Bildsprache" bricht an. Es ist eine Zeit des Umbruchs von der Rhetorik hinzu der Idee, dass die Welt durch die Moglichkeit des Sehens begriffen und erfahren wird. Die neuen Machtverhaltnisse werden durch die Sprache der Bilder gegenuber der Offentlichkeit demonstriert. Mit Augustus dem ersten Prinzeps, der durch Beendigung der Burgerkriege einen Aufschwung der romischen Wirtschaft herbeifuhrt, kann sich die Monumentalisierung voll entfalten. Die augusteische Ideologie" ist massgebend fur das zukunftige Erscheinungsbild der romischen Stadte. Die Hauptstadt des Romischen Reiches, Rom, als Vorreiter definierte fur die Stadte der Provinzen den Prozess der Monumentalisierung und die Honoratiorenfamilien setzten dies um. Die einst von republikanischen Strukturen gepragten Stadte erfahren eine Blutezeit durch kaiserliche Reprasentatio

Unterweisung / Unterweisungsentwurf aus dem Jahr 2006 im Fachbereich AdA Handwerk / Produktion / Gewerbe - Mechanische Berufe, Metall und Kunststoff, Note: 2,3, HWK Aurich, - Quellen im Literaturverzeichnis, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: 1.Allgemeine Information Ausbildungsberuf und Ausbildungsthema In dem Ausbildungsberuf des Feiwerkmechaniker/in lautet das Unterweisungsthema Herstellen eines Metrischen Innengewindes von Hand bis zu einer Grosse von M10" Quelle Das Thema ist laut dem Ausbildungsrahmenplan Feinwerkmechaniker/-in Berufliche Fachbildung Lfd.Nr. 10 d fur das 1. Ausbildungsjahr vorgesehen. Begrundung der Unterweisungswahl Gemass dem Ausbildungsrahmenplan ist das Thema Innen- und Aussengewinde herstellen" fur das Erste Ausbildungsjahr vorgesehen. Um Hans die Moglichkeit zu geben mit und an seinen Aufgaben zu Wachsen, Fertigkeiten und Kenntnisse sowie neue Hintergrundinformationen zu erlangen, habe ich mir die Ausbildung nach einem Stufenmodell zusammengestellt. Das heisst ich werde Hans stuckweise, in Anlehnung an den Ausbildungsrahmenplan und den Fortschritten der Berufsschule, immer an neuere und komplexere Aufgaben heranfuhren. Mein Ziel ist es hierbei das Selbstvertrauen von Hans zu star