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This paper answers the question of whether law or morality demand
that nations utilize precision guided weapons (PGMs) when attacking
a target in an urban setting where the likelihood of collateral
damage is high. It first defines the terms PGMs and collateral
damage and lists reasons why collateral damage occurs--even with
PGMs. It next reviews applicable international treaties concerning
aerial bombardment to determine if they require the use of PGMs,
before conducting a similar review of customary international law
concepts. The paper concludes by looking at Just War theory and
whether or not morality demands that nations use PGMs in an urban
setting. Ultimately the paper reaches the conclusion that neither
international treaty nor customary international law demand
attacking nations use PGMs, although there is clearly a growing
trend to do so, and this trend will likely form the basis of future
international law. However, the paper concludes that Just War
theory's jus in bello demands that professional airmen utilize PGMs
in an urban environment--a practice the U.S. seems to be following.
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