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With the rise of direct-democratic instruments, the relationship
between popular sovereignty and the rule of law is set to become
one of the defining political issues of our time. This important
and timely book provides an in-depth analysis of the limits imposed
on referendums and citizens' initiatives, as well as of systems of
reviewing compliance with these limits, in 11 European states.
Chapters explore and lay the scientific basis for answering crucial
questions such as 'Where should the legal limits of direct
democracy be drawn?' and 'Who should review compliance with these
limits?' Providing a comparative analysis of the different issues
in the selected countries, the book draws out key similarities and
differences, as well as an assessment of the law and the practice
at national levels when judged against the international standards
contained in the Venice Commission's Guidelines on the Holding of
Referendums. Presenting an up-to-date analysis of the relationship
between popular sovereignty and the rule of law, The Legal Limits
of Direct Democracy will be a key resource for scholars and
students in comparative and constitutional law and political
science. It will also be beneficial to policy-makers and
practitioners in parliaments, governments and election commissions,
and experts working for international organisations.
This book examines the evolution of European-American relations
with the Middle East since 1945. Placing the current transatlantic
debates on the Middle East into a broader context, this work
analyses how, why, and to what extent European and US roles,
interests, threat perceptions, and policy attitudes in the region
have changed, relating to both the region as a whole and the two
main issues analysed: Gulf Security and the Arab-Israeli Conflict.
The contributors then go on to discuss the implications of these
developments for Western policymaking. The volume makes four key
contributions. First, it examines the subject matter from a truly
transatlantic perspective, with all chapters adopting a bi- or
multilateral approach, taking into account the views from both the
US and individual European countries or the EC/EU collectively.
Second, the book takes a long-term view, covering a series of
crises and developments over the past six decades. Third, it has a
systematic structure, with the predominantly chronological order of
the chapters being geared towards depicting trends and evolutions
with regard to the key themes of the book. Finally, the book builds
bridges between historians and political scientists/analysts, as
well as between experts of transatlantic relations and Middle East
scholars. This book will be of great interest to students of
transatlantic relations, the Middle East, US foreign policy,
European politics, international history and IR in general. Daniel
Moeckli is a Senior Researcher at the Center for Security Studies
(CSS), ETH Zurich. He is also the editor of CSS Analyses in
Security Policy. Victor Mauer is Deputy Director and Head of
Research of the Center for Security Studies (CSS), ETH Zurich, and
Lecturer in the Department of Social Sciences and Humanities at ETH
Zurich.
This book examines the evolution of European-American relations
with the Middle East since 1945. Placing the current transatlantic
debates on the Middle East into a broader context, this work
analyses how, why, and to what extent European and US roles,
interests, threat perceptions, and policy attitudes in the region
have changed, relating to both the region as a whole and the two
main issues analysed: Gulf Security and the Arab-Israeli Conflict.
The contributors then go on to discuss the implications of these
developments for Western policymaking. The volume makes four key
contributions. First, it examines the subject matter from a truly
transatlantic perspective, with all chapters adopting a bi- or
multilateral approach, taking into account the views from both the
US and individual European countries or the EC/EU collectively.
Second, the book takes a long-term view, covering a series of
crises and developments over the past six decades. Third, it has a
systematic structure, with the predominantly chronological order of
the chapters being geared towards depicting trends and evolutions
with regard to the key themes of the book. Finally, the book builds
bridges between historians and political scientists/analysts, as
well as between experts of transatlantic relations and Middle East
scholars. This book will be of great interest to students of
transatlantic relations, the Middle East, US foreign policy,
European politics, international history and IR in general. Daniel
M ckli is a Senior Researcher at the Center for Security Studies
(CSS), ETH Zurich. He is also the editor of CSS Analyses in
Security Policy. Victor Mauer is Deputy Director and Head of
Research of the Center for Security Studies (CSS), ETH Zurich, and
Lecturer in the Department of Social Sciences and Humanities at ETH
Zurich
Written by leading experts in the field, this compelling textbook
explores the essentials of international human rights law, from
foundational issues to substantive rights and systems of
protection. A variety of perspectives bring this multifaceted and
sometimes contentious subject to life, making International Human
Rights Law the ideal companion for students of human rights.
Digital formats This fourth edition is available for students and
institutions to purchase in a variety of formats. The e-book offers
a mobile experience and convenient access along with functionality
tools, navigation features and links that offer extra learning
support: www.oxfordtextbooks.co.uk/ebooks
Half a century ago, on 16 December 1966, the UN General Assembly
adopted the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
(ICCPR) and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and
Cultural Rights (ICESCR). While the adoption of the two UN human
rights covenants was celebrated all over the world, their 50th
anniversary has received very little attention from the
international community. The present book marks this anniversary by
taking stock of the first half-century of the existence of what are
probably the world's two most important human rights treaties. It
does so by reflecting on what the covenants have achieved (or
failed to achieve) in the years that have passed, by determining
and comparing their current influence in the various regions of the
world, and by assessing their potential roles in the future. The
book contains papers that were presented during a symposium held in
Zurich in 2016, which brought together experts and stakeholders
from a range of disciplines and world regions. Some fundamental
issues that are addressed by the contributors are as old as the two
covenants themselves. They concern, for example, the division of
human rights into first- and second-generation rights, and the
question of whether there should be one central monitoring body -
possibly a world court - or more than just one. However, the
contributors go beyond such questions that have been explored
before; they develop new answers to old questions and point to new
challenges.
Hardly known twenty years ago, exclusion from public space has
today become a standard tool of state intervention. Every year,
tens of thousands of homeless individuals, drug addicts, teenagers,
protesters and others are banned from parts of public space. The
rise of exclusion measures is characteristic of two broader
developments that have profoundly transformed public space in
recent years: the privatisation of public space, and its increased
control in the 'security society'. Despite the fundamental problems
it raises, exclusion from public space has received hardly any
attention from legal scholars. This book addresses this gap and
comprehensively explores the implications that this new form of
intervention has for the constitutional essentials of liberal
democracy: the rule of law, fundamental rights, and democracy. To
do so, it analyses legal developments in three liberal democracies
that have been at the forefront of promoting exclusion measures:
the United Kingdom, the United States, and Switzerland.
Hardly known twenty years ago, exclusion from public space has
today become a standard tool of state intervention. Every year,
tens of thousands of homeless individuals, drug addicts, teenagers,
protesters and others are banned from parts of public space. The
rise of exclusion measures is characteristic of two broader
developments that have profoundly transformed public space in
recent years: the privatisation of public space, and its increased
control in the 'security society'. Despite the fundamental problems
it raises, exclusion from public space has received hardly any
attention from legal scholars. This book addresses this gap and
comprehensively explores the implications that this new form of
intervention has for the constitutional essentials of liberal
democracy: the rule of law, fundamental rights, and democracy. To
do so, it analyses legal developments in three liberal democracies
that have been at the forefront of promoting exclusion measures:
the United Kingdom, the United States, and Switzerland.
In the post-September 11th era, liberal democracies face the
question of whether, and if so to what extent, they should change
the relationship between liberty and security. This book explores
how three major liberal democratic states - the United States, the
United Kingdom and Germany - have approached this challenge by
analyzing the human rights impacts of their anti-terrorism laws and
practices. The analysis reveals that the most far-reaching
restrictions of liberty have been imposed on minorities: foreign
nationals and certain 'racial', ethnic and religious groups.
Disparate treatment raises complex issues concerning the human
right to non-discrimination. Differential treatment on the basis of
nationality, national origin, 'race' or religion is only compatible
with the right to non-discrimination if there are objective and
reasonable grounds for it.The author evaluates contemporary
anti-terrorism efforts for their compliance with this requirement.
Is there, in the context of the current 'war on terror', sufficient
justification for applying powers of preventive detention or trial
by special tribunal only to foreign nationals? Are law enforcement
methods or immigration policies that single out people for special
scrutiny based on their national origin, or their ethnic or
religious appearance a suitable and proportionate means of
countering terrorism? The concluding part of the book argues that,
in the long term, discriminatory anti-terrorism measures will have
impacts beyond their original scope and fundamentally reshape
ordinary legal regimes and law enforcement methods.
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