The aim of this edited volume is to bring together the views of expert academics and practitioners on the latest regulatory developments in sustainable finance in Europe. The volume includes a wide range of cutting-edge issues, which relate to three main themes along which the volume is structured: (1) corporate governance; (2) financial stability; and (3) financial markets. With individual contributions deploying different methods of analysis, including theoretical contributions on the status quo of macro-financial research as well as law and economics approaches, the collection encourages interdisciplinary readership and will appeal to those researching capital markets law, European financial law, and sustainable finance, as well as practitioners within the finance industry.

In recent years, an increasing number of clients and third parties have filed claims against banks such as for mis-selling financial products, poor financial advice, insufficient disclosure of and warning about financial risks. The scope of a bank's duty of care seems to expand, not only to include protection of consumers against unclear risks of complicated products but also protection of professional parties against more obvious risks of relatively straightforward products. This topic raises many questions, both at a theoretical and practical level. This book provides a rich source of information about how various jurisdictions (Germany, Austria, France, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, England and Wales, Ireland, and the United States of America) deal with these questions and how answers are found or embedded in their national legal systems. The book also contains a detailed chapter on the MiFID I and II conduct-of-business provisions. Finally, the book provides a thorough comparative analysis and perspective.

Mirroring the long-established structure of the financial industry, EU financial regulation as we know it today approaches banking, insurance and investment services separately and often divergently. In recent decades however, the clear separation between financial sectors has gradually evaporated, as business lines have converged across sectors and FinTech solutions have emerged which do not fit traditional sector boundaries. As the contours of the traditional tripartition in the financial industry have faded, the diverging regulatory and supervisory treatment of these sectors has become increasingly at odds with economic reality. This book brings together insights developed by distinguished researchers and industry professionals in a series of articles analysing the main areas of EU financial regulation from a cross-sectoral perspective. For each specific research theme - including prudential regulation, corporate governance and conduct of business rules - the similarities, as well as gaps, overlaps and unjustifiable differences between banking, securities and insurance regulation, are clearly presented and discussed. This innovative research approach is aimed at informing lawmakers and policymakers on potential improvements to EU financial regulation whilst also supporting legal and compliance professionals applying the current framework or looking to streamline compliance processes.

The focus of this 2009 book, the legal situation created when an agent acts without authority, is one of the most important issues in agency law. The analysis is divided into three sections: apparent authority, ratification and the liability of the falsus procurator. Adopting a unique comparative perspective, the contributions are drawn from many different legal systems, providing the opportunity for analysis of the European common law/civil law divide. The analysis extends beyond Europe, however, taking into account the mixed legal system of South Africa, as well as the United States. Finally, there is a useful consideration of the Principles of European Contract Law and the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts 2004. This study will be an invaluable guide for those interested in the study of comparative law, international practitioners and those interested in the harmonisation of European Private Law.

The focus of this book, the legal situation created when an agent acts without authority, is one of the most important issues in agency law. The analysis is divided into three sections: apparent authority, ratification and the liability of the falsus procurator. Adopting a unique comparative perspective, the contributions are drawn from many different legal systems, providing the opportunity for analysis of the European common law/civil law divide. The analysis extends beyond Europe, however, taking into account the mixed legal system of South Africa, as well as the United States. Finally, there is a useful consideration of the Principles of European Contract Law and the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts 2004. This study will be an invaluable guide for those interested in the study of comparative law, international practitioners and those interested in the harmonisation of European Private Law.

This timely new work provides a thorough overview, analysis, and discussion of standard terms control for banking and financial contracts in Europe. Unfair Terms in Banking and Financial Contracts argues that this sector uniquely necessitates unfair terms control, due to the asymmetrical relationship between lay consumers and the financial industry and discusses the role of the judiciary in addressing this imbalance. The rise of unfair terms control as a remedy for consumers and businesses against financial institutions with superior bargaining power has led to questions about the Directive's threat to existing contracts. Disputes have already arisen across Europe in several areas including foreign currency housing loans, housing loans based on Euribor, and hidden bank fees. These disputes and their outcomes are high stakes for banks and their customers. The stakes of the outcomes of these disputes for the customers as well as for the banks are very high. The book focuses on the EU Unfair Terms Directive (UTD) but also considers the law of non-EU jurisdictions. Beginning with an overview of the UTD and the extensive case law of the CJEU, the volume brings together leading authorities in the field of financial law to provide analyses of the UTD's application in this sector across 15 EU jurisdictions (Ireland, Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, Sweden, Greece, Poland, Romania, Czech Republic, Hungary, and Estonia). It then goes on to compare the legal situation in three non-EU jurisdictions (United Kingdom, Switzerland, and Norway). Locating unfair terms control within a broader European struggle to balance the power of market forces and the requirements of social justice, the volume offers a critique of the existing regime and concludes with a proposal for a common legal framework to ensure a level playing field and greater harmonisation across the EU.

Given the international nature of the asset management industry, lawyers representing investors, asset managers, and regulators are often confronted with asset management agreements governed by foreign law. This book provides the necessary points of law and practice in the leading jurisdictions allowing lawyers to identify the main pitfalls concerning the foreign law in question. This book is the only comparative analysis of the law of asset manager liability in the major European jurisdictions, the United States, and Canada, each written by specialists from the relevant jurisdiction. This is a much-needed guide on the disparate regulation of asset manager liability in these countries highlighting the absence of uniformity in this area of law despite the implementation of MiFID in Europe. The section on European law provides an overview of the regulation in this field regionally and provides the context in which the national chapters explore the regulation at country level. The comparative evaluation at the end of the book provides a thoughtful assessment of the impact of regulatory frameworks on asset managers private law duties and liabilities. The Introduction situates the country-by-country material within the broader context of questions about regulatory design and effectiveness.

The book provides a full and practical review of the impact of the highly controversial European Directive on Alternative Investment Fund Managers, which was adopted after much debate in October 2010 (AIFMD). The AIFMD is intended to be a regulatory response to systematic risks that came to light in the financial crisis and will have a broad and material impact on the manner in which investment managers may operate and offer non-retail funds (including hedge funds, private equity funds, real estate funds and infrastructure funds), which were previously largely unregulated. The AIFMD not only regulates fund managers based in the EU, but also seeks to regulate non-EU managers who seek to offer non-EU funds to EU investors. Accordingly, the AIFMD will impact all fund offerings to professional investors based in the EU, potentially severely limiting the range of investments available to EU pension funds, insurance companies and other institutional investors. The book begins with a detailed review of the AIFMD itself, including the 'Level 2' rules. The bulk of the book consists of chapters that analyse and explain the national implementation legislation of the EU Member States. Through this structure, the work provides the reader with fast-track access to the regulation at European and national level of non-retail EU and non-EU funds and fund managers, which are caught by the AIFMD.

This new work provides integrated analysis of and guidance on the Prospectus Regulation 2017, civil liability for a misleading prospectus, and securities litigation in a European context. The prospectus rules are one of the cornerstones of the EU Capital Markets Union and analysis of this aspect of harmonisation, the areas not covered by the rules, and the impact of Brexit, provides valuable reference for all advising and researching this field. The first Part serves as an introduction to the volume with relevant context. Part II discusses the subjects of Prospectus Regulation from both a legal and economic perspective. Each chapter within Part II focuses on a key subject of the new Prospectus Regulation, providing an in-depth analysis of each issue. Part III of the work explains the domestic law on liability for a misleading prospectus, this issue being omitted from the Regulation. The law and practice in each of the key capital markets centres in Europe is analysed, with the UK chapter covering the issues and possible solutions under Brexit. There is full consideration of conflicts of laws issues with reference to the Brussels I regulation, and the Rome I and II Regulations. The influence of the EU Prospectus rules on private law is also addressed.

Part of the Oxford EU Financial Regulation Series, this work analyses the implications of the Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM) and the Single Resolution Mechanism (SRM) for banks in Europe, and the second edition reflects the experience in practice of this regime both economically and legally. The new edition provides reflection on the efficacy and problems with the central banking regulatory regime. There are new chapters on fit and proper testing under the SSM and deposit guarantee schemes. A further additional chapter considers the impact of the Bank Resolution and Recovery Directive (BRRD) and its interaction with the SRM by detailed analysis of relevant case law. Whist offering insightful updates to existing chapters on the Single Rulebook, CRD IV, the SSM and the SRM, the second edition also includes brand new chapters covering a range of subjects. Unique to the second edition, experienced scholars and practitioners explore The Deposit Guarantee Scheme, fit and proper testing within the SMM, BRRD and SRB in practice. This book benefits from the contributions of a team of leading scholars and practitioners who present a range of perspectives and methodologies. Case studies and in depth-analysis is presented to highlight topics such as supervised credit institutions, implications for financial market governance, and risk management and compliance. European Banking Union (second edition) is the ultimate companion for academics, legal practitioners, financial supervisors, and policy makers.

This book explores a range of problems in the application of agency law in commercial practice. Moving beyond the limited introductory resources currently available, it "tests" abstract agency law concepts in specific commercial contexts, with reference to jurisdictions around the world. There is an enduring commonality of concepts and principles within agency law, both within the Commonwealth and within the jurisdictions of the United States. The book's comparative approach, drawing together analysis of national and international jurisdictions, provides innovative perspectives and insights, as well as practical guidance on solving commercial problems. The book opens with a detailed introductory chapter which provides a broad overview of the agency issues arising in specific commercial contexts. The subsequent chapters are grouped thematically: company law, financial transactions and services, sale of goods; as well as agency in procedural contexts. Topics covered include the role of the director and directorial board in company law and agency law, agency in shipping law, undisclosed principal in sale of goods cases, regulation of conflicts of interest in securities transactions, poseur-agents and transactional intermediation, the operation of agency in retail financial services, the agent's warranty of authority, and power of attorney. This book is an invaluable resource on both agency theory and commercial practice.

Since the global financial crisis of 2008, claims by clients, shareholders, depositors, and bondholders of financial firms have increased against financial supervisors and resolution authorities for inadequate supervision or resolution action. Liability of Financial Supervisors and Resolution Authorities is the first book to offer a thorough and systematic analysis of the liability regimes which apply to financial supervisors and resolution authorities at the EU level (particularly relevant since the European Banking Union came into operation in 2014), at the level of individual EU Member States, as well as in other major jurisdictions worldwide. The jurisdiction-by-jurisdiction approach provides a detailed analysis of the liability regimes as they apply to local financial supervisors and resolution authorities in major civil law, common law, and mixed legal system jurisdictions. This global view of the primary financial jurisdictions as examples provides a unique and comprehensive overview which is of great practical and theoretical importance. The work concludes with a comparative law evaluation that discusses to what extent limitations of the liability of national financial supervisors and resolution authorities are valid under the EU rules on Member State liability. It also explores whether it would be preferable to adopt a uniform liability standard for the European Central Bank (ECB), the Single Resolution Board (SRB), and national financial supervisors and resolution authorities. Furthermore, it addresses whether it would be preferable to adopt a provision to the effect that the Court of Justice of the European Union has exclusive jurisdiction in relation to the ECB, SRB, and the national financial supervisors and resolution authorities.

Mirroring the long-established structure of the financial industry, EU financial regulation as we know it today approaches banking, insurance and investment services separately and often divergently. In recent decades however, the clear separation between financial sectors has gradually evaporated, as business lines have converged across sectors and FinTech solutions have emerged which do not fit traditional sector boundaries. As the contours of the traditional tripartition in the financial industry have faded, the diverging regulatory and supervisory treatment of these sectors has become increasingly at odds with economic reality. This book brings together insights developed by distinguished researchers and industry professionals in a series of articles analysing the main areas of EU financial regulation from a cross-sectoral perspective. For each specific research theme - including prudential regulation, corporate governance and conduct of business rules - the similarities, as well as gaps, overlaps and unjustifiable differences between banking, securities and insurance regulation, are clearly presented and discussed. This innovative research approach is aimed at informing lawmakers and policymakers on potential improvements to EU financial regulation whilst also supporting legal and compliance professionals applying the current framework or looking to streamline compliance processes.

In recent years, an increasing number of clients and third parties have filed claims against banks such as for mis-selling financial products, poor financial advice, insufficient disclosure of and warning about financial risks. The scope of a bank's duty of care seems to expand, not only to include protection of consumers against unclear risks of complicated products but also protection of professional parties against more obvious risks of relatively straightforward products. This topic raises many questions, both at a theoretical and practical level. This book provides a rich source of information about how various jurisdictions (Germany, Austria, France, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, England and Wales, Ireland, and the United States of America) deal with these questions and how answers are found or embedded in their national legal systems. The book also contains a detailed chapter on the MiFID I and II conduct-of-business provisions. Finally, the book provides a thorough comparative analysis and perspective.

This book examines the topical issue of governance of financial institutions, covering banks, investment firms, asset management, pension funds and insurance firms. It comprehensively analyses the impact and practice of the new and more robust requirements for management functions under MiFID II (Markets in Financial Instruments Directive) and other regulation such as MAR (Market Abuse Regulation). Thematically grouped chapters provide extensive coverage of the main areas of change and interest in this field: financial regulation, models, systemic risk, culture and ethics, and conduct and culture. Each chapter employs an interdisciplinary approach, providing high-quality analysis and discussion of the governance of financial institutions of a practical, as well as theoretical, nature. Written by a team of expert contributors, comprised of leading scholars with broad practical experience, and leading practitioners in the field of corporate governance, this book provides much needed analysis of this important topic and the new rules for those advising financial institutions.

Capital Markets Union in Europe analyses the legal and economic implications of the European Commission's plans to form a Capital Markets Union (CMU) in Europe, which will have a major impact on financial markets and institutions both in the region and beyond. A detailed introductory chapter provides a broad overview of the various aspects and challenges of the CMU proposals, whilst thematically grouped chapters cover the following areas: (i) general aspects, (ii) Brexit, (iii) financing innovation, (iv) raising capital on the capital markets, (v) fostering retail and institutional investment, (vi) leveraging banking capacity to support the wider economy, (vii) facilitating cross-border investing, and (viii) comparative aspects of capital market integration. Written by world renowned experts in the fields of banking and capital markets, including respected academics, with broad practical experience, and leading practitioners, Capital Markets Union in Europe provides high-quality analysis of the legal and economic issues in a practical context.

This book provides a comprehensive and expert examination of the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II, which comes into force in January 2018 and will have a major impact on investment firms and financial markets. It offers detailed guidance on interpretation of MiFID II, its measure and aims which include: to increase transparency; better protect investors; reinforce confidence; address unregulated areas; and ensure that supervisors are granted adequate powers to fulfil their tasks. After a thorough overview of the various innovative features of the new legislative framework in comparison with the former MiFID, the book's chapters are grouped thematically to cover the following areas: general aspects; investment firms and investment services; trading; supervision and enforcement; and reform perspectives. Offering high-quality analysis of both the theoretical and practical aspects of MiFID II, this book is an essential guide to this major EU legislation. It brings together the expert opinions of leading practitioners and legal and economic scholars with access to practice, providing a variety of perspectives on the new regime and the likely effect of the increased regulation.