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Protein-tyrosine kinases (PTKs) play an essential role in the
intracellular mitogenic signaling mechanism. In fact, many growth
factor receptors themselves have intrinsic PTK activity, as
evidenced by the cases of epidermal growth factor (EGF), nerve
growth factor (NGF) and stem cell factor (SCF) receptors. In
contrast to these receptor-type PTKs, many PTKs do not have a
transmembrane domain in their structure. These are designated as
non-receptor-type PTKs or cytoplasmic PTKs. Non-receptor PTKs can
be further subdivided into a number of sub- families, one of which
is the Tec family. The Tec family consists of five members, namely
Tec, Btk, Itk/Emt/Tsk, Bmx and Txk/Rlk. Many members of this family
are abundantly expressed in hematopoietic tissues, where they are
presumed to function in the growth, differentiation or both
processes of blood cells. This hypothesis is strengthened by the
fact that the Btk kinase molecule is responsible for X
chromosome-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) in humans and X
chromosome-linked immunodeficiency (Xid) in mice.
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