This volume is a record of the Workshop on Graphics and Communications organized within ESPRIT II Project 2463 ARGOSI (Applications Related Graphics and OSI Standards Integration). The workshop was included in the Eurographics workshop programme for 1990. The ARGOSI project essentially arose from the observation that international standards in the graphics and networking areas were generally being developed in isolation and that insufficient attention was being paid to the needs of applications whose requirements spanned several standards. The importance of the integration of graphics and networking has been growing over recent years, with the growth of interest in multi-media systems to support cooperative working, and the use of computer graphics techniques in the visualization of the results of scientific and engineering computations. The latter frequently involve high-speed links between workstations and supercomputers. The presentations in this volume cover a broad range of activities from a classification scheme for graphics and networking to interconnection experiments with broadband networks. Three topics were selected for detailed discussion in working groups: - Improvements to the computer graphics metafile standard, - The role of application profiles in graphics data exchange, - The impact of multi-media. The volume contains a record of the discussions and the recommendations from the working groups, subsequently endorsed by the workshop.

This volume is a record of the Workshop on Window Management held at the Ruth erford Appleton Laboratory's Cosener's House between 29 April and 1 May 1985. The main impetus for the Workshop came from the Alvey Programme's Man Machine Interface Director who was concerned at the lack of a formal definition of window management and the lack of focus for research activities in this area. Win dow Management per se is not the complete problem in understanding interaction. However, the appearance of bitmap displays from a variety of vendors enabling an operator to work simultaneously with a number of applications on a single display has focussed attention on what the overall architecture for such a system should be and also on what the interfaces to both the application and operator should be. The format of the Workshop was to spend the first day with presentations from a number of invited speakers. The aim was to get the participants aware of the current state of the art and to highlight the main outstanding issues. The second day consisted of the Workshop participants splitting into three groups and discussing specific issues in depth. Plenary sessions helped to keep the individual groups work ing on similar lines. The third day concentrated on the individual groups presenting their results and interacting with the other groups to identify main areas of con sensus and also a framework for future work."

This volume is a record of the Workshop on User Interface Management Systems and Environments held at INESC, Lisbon, Portugal, between 4 and 6 June 1990. The main impetus for the workshop came from the Graphics and Interaction in ESPRIT Technical Interest Group of the European Community ESPRIT Programme. The Graphics and Interac tion in ESPRIT Technical Interest Group arose from a meeting of researchers held in Brussels in May 1988, which identified a number of technical areas of common interest across a significant number of ESPRIT I and ESPRIT II projects. It was recognized that there was a need to share information on such activities between projects, to disseminate results from the projects to the world at large, and for projects to be aware of related activities elsewhere in the world. The need for a Technical Interest Group was confirmed at a meeting held during ESPRIT Technical Week in November 1989, attended by over 50 representatives from ESPRIT projects and the Commission of the European Communities. Information exchange sessions were organized during the EUROGRAPHICS '89 confer ence, with the intention of disseminating information from ESPRIT projects to the wider research and development community, both in Europe and beyond.

The offices of GMD-FOKUS in Berlin provided the venue for a meeting in December 1987 which signalled the birth of the ARGOSI project. The proposal gradually took shape over the following months, and after merging with another project proposal in the field of standardization of computer graphics, finally received funding from the Esprit programme in March 1989. The project stemmed from a recognition of the importance of computer graphics a'i an ena bling technology in many application areas, and of the need to build bridges between computer graphics and telecommunications. The overall aims of the pro ject were twofold: * Advance the state of the art in the transfer of graphical information across international networks. * Improve quality and applicability of standards in this area. This book records the key results of the project and the contributions the project has made to standardization related to the transfer of graphical information across open networks. Contributions have included a demonstration of a prototype appli cation - a road transport information system running over public international of a new data networks - shown at the Esprit '91 exhibition, the standardization FT AM document type allowing structured access to graphical information (represented according to the Computer Graphics Metafile (CGM) standard) and major contributions to a mapping of the X-Windows protocol onto an OSI stack. The project also organized two international workshops. the first on Graphics and Communications, and the second on Distributed Window Systems.