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Elgar Advanced Introductions are stimulating and thoughtful
introductions to major fields in the social sciences, business and
law, expertly written by the world's leading scholars. Designed to
be accessible yet rigorous, they offer concise and lucid surveys of
the substantive and policy issues associated with discrete subject
areas. Insightful and original in its approach, this Advanced
Introduction to Urban Transport Planning provides a fresh look at
cost-efficiency and casts the craft of transport planning in new
light, allowing engineers and urban planners to understand the
benefits of breaking mobility-centric systems that favour cars and
prioritising multi-modal transport systems that promote access. It
features in-depth analysis of traditional methods and how these are
changing due to new technologies, financial constraints and
evolving environmental trends. Key features include: Discussion of
advantages of urban areas in terms of transport service provision
Clear distillation of priorities for a new era of transport
planning Concise coverage of predominant concepts and theories
Application for both urban planners and engineers Future oriented,
cost-effective strategy. This Advanced Introduction will be
invaluable for students of urban planning, transport geography,
environmental studies, urban studies and civil engineering. It will
also provide a useful update for urban planners, elected officials
and civil engineers alike.
Elgar Advanced Introductions are stimulating and thoughtful
introductions to major fields in the social sciences, business and
law, expertly written by the world's leading scholars. Designed to
be accessible yet rigorous, they offer concise and lucid surveys of
the substantive and policy issues associated with discrete subject
areas. Insightful and original in its approach, this Advanced
Introduction to Urban Transport Planning provides a fresh look at
cost-efficiency and casts the craft of transport planning in new
light, allowing engineers and urban planners to understand the
benefits of breaking mobility-centric systems that favour cars and
prioritising multi-modal transport systems that promote access. It
features in-depth analysis of traditional methods and how these are
changing due to new technologies, financial constraints and
evolving environmental trends. Key features include: Discussion of
advantages of urban areas in terms of transport service provision
Clear distillation of priorities for a new era of transport
planning Concise coverage of predominant concepts and theories
Application for both urban planners and engineers Future oriented,
cost-effective strategy. This Advanced Introduction will be
invaluable for students of urban planning, transport geography,
environmental studies, urban studies and civil engineering. It will
also provide a useful update for urban planners, elected officials
and civil engineers alike.
This volume of 12 studies, mainly published during the past 15
years, begins with an overview of the Islamic astronomy covering
not only sophisticated mathematical astronomy and instrumentation
but also simple folk astronomy, and the ways in which astronomy was
used in the service of religion. It continues with discussions of
the importance of Islamic instruments and scientific manuscript
illustrations. Three studies deal with the regional schools that
developed in Islamic astronomy, in this case, Egypt and the
Maghrib. Another focuses on a curious astrological table for
calculating the length of life of any individual. The notion of the
world centred on the sacred Kaaba in Mecca inspired both
astronomers and proponents of folk astronomy to propose methods for
finding the qibla, or sacred direction towards the Kaaba; their
activities are surveyed here. The interaction between the
mathematical and folk traditions in astronomy is then illustrated
by an 11th-century text on the qibla in Transoxania. The last three
studies deal with an account of the geodetic measurements sponsored
by the Caliph al-Ma'mA"n in the 9th century; a world-map in the
tradition of the 11th-century polymath al-BA (R)rA"nA (R), alas
corrupted by careless copying; and a table of geographical
coordinates from 15th-century Egypt.
This is the fourth set of studies in the Variorum series by David
King, a leading authority on the history of astronomy in Islamic
civilization and on medieval astronomical instruments, European as
well as Islamic. The first of the eleven studies collected here
deals with medieval instruments in general, as precious historical
sources. The following papers focus on individual astrolabes from
the European Middle Ages and early Renaissance that are of singular
historical importance. Two look at the origins of the simple
universal horary quadrant and the complicated universal horary dial
(navicula). The collection concludes with a list of all known
medieval European astrolabes, ordered chronologically by region.
Three "landmark" astrolabes are discussed: (1) the earliest known
European astrolabe from 10th-century Catalonia, that milieu in
which the astrolabe first became known to Europeans; (2) an
astrolabe from 14th-century Picardy bearing numerals written in
monastic ciphers as well as a later dedication mentioning two
friends of Erasmus; (3) the splendid astrolabe presented in 1462 by
the German astronomer Regiomontanus to his patron Cardinal
Bessarion, with its enigmatic angel and Latin dedication, here
presented in the context of other astrolabes of similar design from
15th-century Vienna.
Current day terrorism is increasingly motivated by body count, and more often than not is religiously or ethnically motivated. While politically motivated terrorism tends to limit the amount of violence in order to ensure that it does not impact supporters' sympathy for the cause, today's nihilistic terrorism is more simply focused on massive death and the destruction of property. Based on this, it seems very likely that future terrorists will use nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons rather than traditional explosives or firearms. As these attacks increasingly occur within the borders of the United States, the emergency responder will be the first line of defense.
Nuclear, Chemical, and Biological Terrorism: Emergency Response and Public Protection provides emergency responders with guidance on:
· The types of weapons of mass destruction that could be used in a terrorist attack · Mechanisms by which terrorists could disperse various types of nuclear, chemical, or biological agents · The types of conventional explosives that terrorists could use to disperse these agents · The routes by which one may be exposed to these weapons · The types of health hazards that may result from exposure to these weapons · How safety professionals can minimize exposure to these weapons · Potential medical treatment options for those exposed to these weapons · How to best increase one's chances of surviving a nuclear explosion · Emergency preparedness measures for a variety of settings · How to prioritize injuries · How to decontaminate personnel prior to medical treatment · Radiation exposure guidelines · Training guidelines
In addition to concise but comprehensive coverage of various types of weapons of mass destruction, the authors give you sound advice and simple actions that can reduce risks and avoid panic in the event of a terrorist attack. They present guidelines for minimizing further danger to human life after an attack.
Based on a wide variety of previously unstudied sources, these
articles explain how science was applied to three aspects of
Islamic ritual in the Middle Ages: the regulation of the lunar
calendar; the organisation of the times of the five daily prayers;
and the determination of the sacred direction (qibla) towards the
Kaaba in Mecca. Simple procedures of folk astronomy were used by
the scholars of religious law who determined popular practice; more
complicated mathematical methods were provided by the scientists -
and this proved a powerful incentive for the development of
scientific analysis and research. Some of these procedures were to
have far-reaching consequences. For example, the astronomical
alignment of the Kaaba - known to various medieval writers, but
long forgotten - led to the adoption of similar alignments for the
qibla, and the final articles show how these were calculated,
whether from astronomical observation or geographical computation,
and their impact on the orientation of religious and secular
architecture across the Islamic world. C'est A partir d'une grande
diversite de sources inexplorees que ces articles expliquent
comment la science avait ete appliquee a trois aspects du rituel
islamique au Moyen Age: la regulation du calendrier lunaire;
l'organisation des heures assignees aux cinq prieres quotidiennes;
et l'etablissement de la direction sacree (qibla) vers la Kaaba de
la Mecque. Des procedes simples d'astronomie populaire etaient
utilises par les erudits en droit religieux qui decidaient de la
pratique populaire; des methodes mathematiques plus complexes
etaient offertes par les hommes de science - ce qui, en effet,
s'avera Atre une motivation puissante dans le developpement de
l'analyse et de la recherche scientifique. Certains de ces procedes
eurent des consequences d'une grande portee par la suite.
L'alignement astronomique de la Kaaba - pour ne reprendre qu'un
exemple connu
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