Varieties of Democracy is the essential user's guide to The Varieties of Democracy project (V-Dem), one of the most ambitious data collection efforts in comparative politics. This global research collaboration sparked a dramatic change in how we study the nature, causes, and consequences of democracy. This book is ambitious in scope: more than a reference guide, it raises standards for causal inferences in democratization research and introduces new, measurable, concepts of democracy and many political institutions. Varieties of Democracy enables anyone interested in democracy - teachers, students, journalists, activists, researchers and others - to analyze V-Dem data in new and exciting ways. This book creates opportunities for V-Dem data to be used in education, research, news analysis, advocacy, policy work, and elsewhere. V-Dem is rapidly becoming the preferred source for democracy data.

Standing out from all other books on direct democracy, Citizenship and Contemporary Direct Democracy connects the study of direct democracy to the broader field of comparative democratization and to an important strand in normative democratic theory. Analyzing the relationship between direct democracy and representative government, this book is organized around three main sections: the origins of contemporary direct democracy, its functioning, and the ways to improve the use of direct democracy and its abuse. David Altman argues that citizen-initiated mechanisms of direct democracy constitute an important and viable way to re-invigorate current representative regimes by strengthening democracies' normative foundations - freedom and equity among citizens - which are particularly fragile in the context of unequal societies. Citizenship and Contemporary Direct Democracy demonstrates how citizen-initiated mechanisms of direct democracy empowers citizens, channels social demands, defuses violence, re-enchants citizens with politics, and breaks through some of the institutionalized barriers to accountability that arise in representative systems.

Challenging the common assumption that models of direct democracy and representative democracy are necessarily at odds, Direct Democracy Worldwide demonstrates how practices of direct and representative democracy interact under different institutional settings and uncovers the conditions that allow them to coexist in a mutually reinforcing manner. Whereas citizen-initiated mechanisms of direct democracy can spur productive relationships between citizens and political parties, other mechanisms of direct democracy often help leaders bypass other representative institutions, undermining republican checks and balances. The book also demonstrates that the embrace of direct democracy is costly, may generate uncertainties and inconsistencies, and in some cases is easily manipulated. Nonetheless, the promise of direct democracy should not be dismissed. Direct democracy is much more than a simple, pragmatic second choice when representative democracy seems not to be working as expected. Properly designed, it can empower citizens, breaking through some of the institutionalized barriers to accountability that arise in representative systems.

Challenging the common assumption that models of direct democracy and representative democracy are necessarily at odds, Direct Democracy Worldwide demonstrates how practices of direct and representative democracy interact under different institutional settings and uncovers the conditions that allow them to coexist in a mutually reinforcing manner. Whereas citizen-initiated mechanisms of direct democracy can spur productive relationships between citizens and political parties, other mechanisms of direct democracy often help leaders bypass other representative institutions, undermining republican checks and balances. The book also demonstrates that the embrace of direct democracy is costly, may generate uncertainties and inconsistencies, and can be manipulated. Nonetheless, the promise of direct democracy should not be dismissed. Direct democracy is much more than a simple, pragmatic second choice when representative democracy seems not to be working as expected. Properly designed, it can empower citizens, breaking through some of the institutionalized barriers to accountability that arise in representative systems.

Standing out from all other books on direct democracy, Citizenship and Contemporary Direct Democracy connects the study of direct democracy to the broader field of comparative democratization and to an important strand in normative democratic theory. Analyzing the relationship between direct democracy and representative government, this book is organized around three main sections: the origins of contemporary direct democracy, its functioning, and the ways to improve the use of direct democracy and its abuse. David Altman argues that citizen-initiated mechanisms of direct democracy constitute an important and viable way to re-invigorate current representative regimes by strengthening democracies' normative foundations - freedom and equity among citizens - which are particularly fragile in the context of unequal societies. Citizenship and Contemporary Direct Democracy demonstrates how citizen-initiated mechanisms of direct democracy empowers citizens, channels social demands, defuses violence, re-enchants citizens with politics, and breaks through some of the institutionalized barriers to accountability that arise in representative systems.

Varieties of Democracy is the essential user's guide to The Varieties of Democracy project (V-Dem), one of the most ambitious data collection efforts in comparative politics. This global research collaboration sparked a dramatic change in how we study the nature, causes, and consequences of democracy. This book is ambitious in scope: more than a reference guide, it raises standards for causal inferences in democratization research and introduces new, measurable, concepts of democracy and many political institutions. Varieties of Democracy enables anyone interested in democracy - teachers, students, journalists, activists, researchers and others - to analyze V-Dem data in new and exciting ways. This book creates opportunities for V-Dem data to be used in education, research, news analysis, advocacy, policy work, and elsewhere. V-Dem is rapidly becoming the preferred source for democracy data.

David Altman, James M. Carter, S. S. Penner, Martin Summerfield. High Temperature Equilibrium, Expansion Processes, Combustion of Liquid Propellants, The Liquid Propellants Rocket Engine. Originally published in 1960. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

David Altman, James M. Carter, S. S. Penner, Martin Summerfield. High Temperature Equilibrium, Expansion Processes, Combustion of Liquid Propellants, The Liquid Propellants Rocket Engine. Originally published in 1960. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Oxford professor Joseph Giant doesn't believe in being politically correct when something is wrong. In Giant's opinion, the outspoken Muslim community is threatening to take over every facet of British life. Regardless of political correctness, Giant sees it as a threat that church bells are no longer allowed on Sunday and that the day of rest has been moved to Friday-all to keep a small but powerful minority happy. Beth Rimmer is an attractive student activist who opposes Giant's unpopular opinions-that is, until they meet face-to-face. Giant makes a good point for his Muslim cultural concerns, and soon Rimmer is not only Giant's advocate but his outspoken supporter. Her surprising change of heart soon gets her murdered, and so begins a conspiracy to discredit Giant and his fight for British freedom. As Great Britain is slowly transformed into what resembles a Muslim nation, the mystery of Rimmer's death goes unsolved. Who is stacking the deck against Professor Giant and the British people? The directive appears to come from a power much greater than the Oxford activists are ready to fight. But will the country realize the accuracy of Giant's claims in time to regain their rights and save Britain from cultural anarchy?

Oxford professor Joseph Giant doesn't believe in being politically correct when something is wrong. In Giant's opinion, the outspoken Muslim community is threatening to take over every facet of British life. Regardless of political correctness, Giant sees it as a threat that church bells are no longer allowed on Sunday and that the day of rest has been moved to Friday-all to keep a small but powerful minority happy. Beth Rimmer is an attractive student activist who opposes Giant's unpopular opinions-that is, until they meet face-to-face. Giant makes a good point for his Muslim cultural concerns, and soon Rimmer is not only Giant's advocate but his outspoken supporter. Her surprising change of heart soon gets her murdered, and so begins a conspiracy to discredit Giant and his fight for British freedom. As Great Britain is slowly transformed into what resembles a Muslim nation, the mystery of Rimmer's death goes unsolved. Who is stacking the deck against Professor Giant and the British people? The directive appears to come from a power much greater than the Oxford activists are ready to fight. But will the country realize the accuracy of Giant's claims in time to regain their rights and save Britain from cultural anarchy?