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In June 1775 the Continental Congress, leading the American
rebellion against the British Crown, created the Continental Army
to serve in the line of battle alongside militia and "Provincial"
units. Although supply problems, issues with discipline, and poor
training hampered the Continentals' effectiveness in combat, they
were able to inflict a decisive defeat on the British at Yorktown.
In contrast, the backbone of the British forces in North America
were long-service regular infantrymen, serving for the most part in
single-battalion regiments. They had earned a formidable reputation
on Europe's battlefields during the Seven Years' War, but in
fighting the French in North America during that conflict had
already learned a great deal about the very different fighting
conditions prevalent in the New World.
Following the battle of White River and the fall of Forts
Washington and Lee, George Washington withdrew his army, crossing
the Delaware River to regroup. However, with morale at a critical
low and the terms of enlistment of many of his troops set to
expire, Washington decided on one more strike before the winter
weather made military operations impossible. Re-crossing the
Delaware on Christmas night, 1776, Washington's army surprised the
Hessian garrison at Trenton and managed to kill, wound or capture
1,000 of the enemy for the loss of only four men. Then, avoiding a
major engagement with the British Army under General Cornwallis
that had been sent to track him down, Washington attacked and
defeated another small British force at Princeton. Having inflicted
two costly and embarrassing defeats on the British forces,
Washington withdrew his army into winter quarters at Morristown.
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