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This book explores the nature of the flexibility of Estonia's rapid
growth, that enables it to swiftly seize opportunities and weather
crises without undue cost.The distinguished cast of contributors
draws upon detailed data on individual firms and households to
explore the basis for Estonia's record as the most successful of
all the EU accession countries over the last decade. They conclude
that much of this accomplishment can be attributed to the greater
flexibility of the Estonian economy, both in price setting in
employment and wages, and in consumption. The book also reveals
that Estonia is able to adjust to shocks more rapidly and with less
real impact than other countries. Coupled with a favourable
macroeconomic policy and a good institutional structure and legal
framework, this indicates that Estonia will be an excellent example
to other countries despite the recent downturn. This unique book
will be of great interest to researchers and students of the
economics of transition, and will prove invaluable to policy-makers
and their advisors in both transition countries and the rest of the
EU, as well as graduate students studying microeconomics and
monetary policy.
The financial sustainability of the welfare state, its efficiency
in covering new risks and to effectively reallocate resources in a
fair way are now classic issues for debate. This book explores the
more understated question of the democratic legitimacy of a 'quasi'
European policy in a field which is subjected to the contradictory
impact of ever tighter European economic governance. With the wide
vision of a comparative perspective and the deep knowledge of
social policy scholars, the authors of this book offer inspiring
insights into different facets of democratic governance which are
likely to inform European decision makers in the coming decade.' -
Agnes Hubert, member of the Bureau for European Policy Advisors -
European CommissionThe welfare state in Europe has been reformed
gradually over the past two decades, with the intensification of
the economic and monetary union and the addition of fifteen new
members to the EU. This book explores the pressures that have been
placed on the welfare state through a variety of insightful and
thought-provoking contributions. As the standard of living has
increased, aspirations and financial constraints have required
major rethinking. There is considerable disparity between European
countries in how they approach the welfare system, with differing
concern over aspects such as income, employment and the ability to
participate in society. Choices over welfare lie at the heart of
the democratic system; this book explores the tensions this has
produced and the innovative responses in policy content and
institutions. The Changing Welfare State in Europe has a wide
appeal, which will have relevance to economists, scholars in public
and social policy, public and private finance experts, policymakers
and also academics with an interest in the impact of financial and
economic development. Contributors: T. Altman, C. Cheyne, K. Lyons,
D.G. Mayes, A. Michalski, Z. Mustaffa, C. Shore, M. Thomson
In light of the experience of the global financial crisis, this
book develops concrete recommendations for financial sector reform
and regulation in Asian economies aimed at preventing the
recurrence of systemic financial crises, improving the ability to
manage and resolve crises, managing capital flows and promoting the
development of Asian bond markets. The focus of the book is on
longer-term structural measures. It explores areas such as the
scope for regional monitoring and cooperation; deepening and
integration of Asian bond and money markets;
liberalization/regulation of capital flows; and issues related to
macroprudential oversight, regulatory structure and cooperation as
well as the role of state intervention in crisis resolution in the
financial sector. The need for and impacts of regulations on
innovative financial products and specific investor groups such as
hedge funds, ways to reduce systemic risk of pro-cyclicality of
regulation and ways to improve the infrastructure and regulatory
environment for local currency bond markets are also examined in
depth. The book will appeal to public and private finance experts,
policy makers and decision makers in governments and banks,
think-tanks and students in graduate courses related to financial
and economic development. Contributors: C. Adams, J.A. Batten, Y.J.
Cho, S.F. de Lis, M. Fujii, A. Garcia-Herrero, W.P. Hogan, M.
Kapur, M. Kawai, D.G. Mayes, R. Mohan, P.J. Morgan, M.G. Plummer,
M. Pomerleano, M.M. Spiegel, P.G. Szilagyi, L.D. Wall, A. Winkler
Originally published in 1986. This helpful text sets out what
appears to make exchange rates change and shows how these various
factors contribute to an explanation of the past. It considers the
problems of providing satisfactory forecasts of the exchange rate
while presenting the methods used, outlining their drawbacks and
speculating on future ways forward. Laid out to move from empirical
issues to theory and on to policy, this book is easily of use to
those interested in macroeconomics, applied economics and
international economics as well as economic history.
The recent global financial crisis has challenged conventional
wisdom, and our conception of globalization has been called into
question. This challenging and timely book revisits the
relationship between globalization, the crisis and the state from
an interdisciplinary perspective, with law, economics and political
science underpinning the analysis.The expert contributors consider
the Washington Consensus and its aftermath across Australia, China,
the EU, New Zealand and South Africa in light of the financial
crisis, encompassing public policy issues including banking reform,
privatisation and state owned enterprise. The clash between market
and state capitalism and the response of market capitalism to the
crisis are also explored. This book draws together truly
multidisciplinary discussions of the main issues for contemporary
society in the face of globalization, and defines how these issues
relate to each other. As such, it will prove a stimulating read for
academics, researchers, postgraduate students and policymakers with
an interest in law, economics and politics. Contributors: M. Ariff,
T. Booth, L. Boulle, J. Broehmer, J. Chen, J.H. Farrar, G.A. Hodge,
C.-C. Huang, D.G. Mayes, A. Noon, L. Parsons, M. Regan, C.D.
Stoltenberg, S. Watson, M. Wilson, X. Yang
Recent failures and rescues of large banks have resulted in
colossal costs to society. In wake of such turmoil a new banking
union must enable better supervision, pre-emptive coordinated
action and taxpayer protection. While these aims are meritorious
they will be difficult to achieve. This book explores the potential
of a new banking union in Europe. This book brings together leading
experts to analyse the challenges of banking in the European Union.
While not all contributors agree, the constructive criticism
provided in this book will help ensure that a new banking union
will mature into a stable yet vibrant financial system that
encourages the growth of economic activity and the efficient
allocation of resources. This book will be of use to researchers
interested in Banking, Monetary Economics and the European Union.
Recent failures and rescues of large banks have resulted in
colossal costs to society. In wake of such turmoil a new banking
union must enable better supervision, pre-emptive coordinated
action and taxpayer protection. While these aims are meritorious
they will be difficult to achieve. This book explores the potential
of a new banking union in Europe. This book brings together leading
experts to analyse the challenges of banking in the European Union.
While not all contributors agree, the constructive criticism
provided in this book will help ensure that a new banking union
will mature into a stable yet vibrant financial system that
encourages the growth of economic activity and the efficient
allocation of resources. This book will be of use to researchers
interested in Banking, Monetary Economics and the European Union.
Social Exclusion in European Welfare States focuses on the complex
relationship between economic welfare, labour market performance
and social inclusion/exclusion. The contributors in the volume
examine in detail the alleged trade-off between the social and
economic capabilities of a society and their impact on the
well-being of the citizens. Furthermore, they identify welfare
regimes whose policies are more balanced in terms of prioritizing
economic as well as social goals and, hence, are more successful in
promoting social inclusion along with faster growth. The book
attempts to promote a better understanding of the differences in
policy regimes and the performances of different regime types in
view of their own goals and objectives. Contributors from a broad
range of disciplines - economics, sociology and political science -
explore the scope for European policy coordination and the form
that this should take. The book focuses on a problem that is widely
considered to be one of the most intractable and damaging in
contemporary European society. It will be invaluable to
policymakers in a broad range of fields including employment,
social policy, education and social work as well as to economists,
sociologists and political scientists engaged in research and
teaching in these fields.
Originally published in 1986. This helpful text sets out what
appears to make exchange rates change and shows how these various
factors contribute to an explanation of the past. It considers the
problems of providing satisfactory forecasts of the exchange rate
while presenting the methods used, outlining their drawbacks and
speculating on future ways forward. Laid out to move from empirical
issues to theory and on to policy, this book is easily of use to
those interested in macroeconomics, applied economics and
international economics as well as economic history.
The purpose of this book is to analyse one of the most pressing
social problems of recent years, namely exclusion. The authors
bring a richness of perspective, drawing on the experiences of
eight European countries and a range of disciplines from law and
economics through to social policy and political studies. The EU is
a special case worthy of study as it may be that the process of
integration actually generates both problems and solutions to
social exclusion.The authors focus on what can be achieved by
European countries working together and pooling experiences. They
show that not only is social exclusion ill-defined but that there
are many differing concepts of social exclusion across Europe
reflected in health, education, housing and employment. The book
reveals the need for a strong dynamic element in policy, producing
early and focused action for individuals and groups in society.
While rejecting the need for transfers of income between countries,
Social Exclusion and European Policy discusses whether there is
something extra to be done at the EU level that cannot currently be
carried out by member states or through existing co-operation. With
its multi-disciplinary approach and emphasis on policy solution,
this will be invaluable reading for policymakers within EU
institutions, NGOs and scholars and researchers of European studies
and social policy protection.
The Evolution of the Single European Market provides a detailed
empirical and theoretical analysis of the impact of the Single
European Market - one of the most significant developments in the
world economy in the late twentieth century.A distinguished group
of contributors examines how the Single Market has developed in
practice and the impact it has had on industry regions and groups
in society. They chart the likely future course of further
integration in the light of public choice theory, subsidiarity and
the current experience within the Single Market. The differences
between the member states are analysed in detail as are the reasons
why it has been so difficult to obtain agreement. They examine,
from an evolutionary approach, issues such as competition law, the
Single European Act, the unofficial means of implementation and
enforcement, 'competition among rules', and the social dimension
and external impact of the Single Market. The contributors include
lawyers, economists, political scientists, sociologists and
regional scientists, whose contribution stems from the work of over
one hundred researchers across Europe in a linked programme of
projects. This forward looking book will be required reading for
researchers and students with an interest in economic and political
integration as well as politicians and businesses involved in
cross-border trade and investment. It will also be of interest to
academics in the areas of economics, politics, law, social policy
and geography.
Finally, here is a book that provides a long-overdue holistic
analysis of childcare. Written in a clear style, The Costs of
Children breaks new ground in demonstrating how political choices
about childcare have different impacts on equality of opportunity
in Europe. After reading this book, one never again will view
childcare as a private concern. It is essential reading for anyone
wanting to understand the realities of European integration,
democratic policy-making and the gendered consequences of bearing
and rearing children.' - Yvonne Galligan, Queen s University
Belfast, UKThis informative book explores the fair allocation of
the costs of childcare in European countries and suggests that
better choice is required to reduce the current tendency to
discriminate against mothers. The expert contributors provide an
assessment of how countries can handle the fair allocation of the
costs of childcare. They look at the experience within Europe in
recent years and show in particular how these interrelate with the
objectives of improving income, employment and social inclusion.
The study's conclusion reveals that choice is the key ingredient as
families have different views and different degrees of support
available from their relatives. Income and social inclusion can
provide choice but ironically employment does not always. An
employment-based model can sometimes narrow people's choices,
particularly for people on low wages. The major concern is that
most existing systems effectively discriminate against mothers.
This is the first book to consider the democratic implications of
social welfare systems. It provides an up-to-date assessment of the
pressures on parents in deciding how to raise their children under
restricted incomes. For many families, practical decisions about
childcare are found at a local level. These will depend on the
immediate factors that affect them, such as the availability of
local nurseries or a family's ability to draw on voluntary networks
of support. What is clear, however, is that many of these
arrangements discriminate against women. Researchers and
practitioners in the field of social policy and childcare in
particular will find this book insightful. Graduate students of
social policy will also find some practical examples to make their
courses more relevant. Contributors include: I. Casier, M. De
Metsenaere, R. Dennison, A.L. Ellingsaeter, S. Kanji, A. Leira, K.
Majamaa, D.G. Mayes, M. McHugh, J. Plantenga, K. Scheiwe, N. Smith,
M. Thomson, R. Vajda, E. Van den Brandt, A. Woodward
Tackles the criticism that the European Community is an unbalanced
arrangement, where the path to closer integration may involve an
inequitable distribution of the benefits to large firms, rather
than to the public at large, the less well off parts of the
Community and those in employment.
Over the past couple of decades there have been surges in productivity in a number of countries, in particular in the UK under the Thatcher government. Explanations of these changes have not been satisfactory. This book examines, for the first time, the data relating to these changes at an individual establishment level in a number of countries throughout the world. Using a variety of the most up-to-date methods of analysis, the contributors show that there is no single simple explanation. Changes in competitive conditions, skills, innovation and the growth of small firms all have their part to play, as does the widespread closure of the least productive establishments.
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