This book is one outcome of the NATO Advanced Studies Institute (ASI) Workshop, "Speechreading by Man and Machine," held at the Chateau de Bonas, Castera-Verduzan (near Auch, France) from August 28 to Septem ber 8, 1995 - the first interdisciplinary meeting devoted the subject of speechreading ("lipreading"). The forty-five attendees from twelve countries covered the gamut of speechreading research, from brain scans of humans processing bi-modal stimuli, to psychophysical experiments and illusions, to statistics of comprehension by the normal and deaf communities, to models of human perception, to computer vision and learning algorithms and hardware for automated speechreading machines. The first week focussed on speechreading by humans, the second week by machines, a general organization that is preserved in this volume. After the in evitable difficulties in clarifying language and terminology across disciplines as diverse as human neurophysiology, audiology, psychology, electrical en gineering, mathematics, and computer science, the participants engaged in lively discussion and debate. We think it is fair to say that there was an atmosphere of excitement and optimism for a field that is both fascinating and potentially lucrative. Of the many general results that can be taken from the workshop, two of the key ones are these: * The ways in which humans employ visual image for speech recogni tion are manifold and complex, and depend upon the talker-perceiver pair, severity and age of onset of any hearing loss, whether the topic of conversation is known or unknown, the level of noise, and so forth.

The pioneering presentation of computer-based image analysis of fine art, forging a dialog between art scholars and the computer vision community In recent years, sophisticated computer vision, graphics, and artificial intelligence algorithms have proven to be increasingly powerful tools in the study of fine art. These methods—some adapted from forensic digital photography and others developed specifically for art—empower a growing number of computer-savvy art scholars, conservators, and historians to answer longstanding questions as well as provide new approaches to the interpretation of art. Pixels and Paintings provides the first and authoritative overview of the broad range of these methods, which extend from image processing of palette, marks, brush strokes, and shapes up through analysis of objects, poses, style, and composition, to the computation of simple interpretations of artworks. Throughout, this book stresses that computer methods must always be used in the cultural contexts and art-historical questions at hand—a blend of humanistic and scientific expertises. This book: Describes powerful computer image analysis methods and their application to problems in the history and interpretation of fine art Discusses some of the art historical lessons and revelations provided by the use of these methods Clarifies the assumptions and applicability of methods and the role of cultural contexts in their use Shows how computation can be used to analyze tens of thousands of artworks to reveal trends and anomalies that could not be found by traditional non-computer methods. Pixels and Paintings is essential reading for computer image analysts and graphics specialists, conservators, historians, students, psychologists and the general public interested in the study and appreciation of art.

This book is one outcome of the NATO Advanced Studies Institute (ASI) Workshop, "Speechreading by Man and Machine," held at the Chateau de Bonas, Castera-Verduzan (near Auch, France) from August 28 to Septem ber 8, 1995 - the first interdisciplinary meeting devoted the subject of speechreading ("lipreading"). The forty-five attendees from twelve countries covered the gamut of speechreading research, from brain scans of humans processing bi-modal stimuli, to psychophysical experiments and illusions, to statistics of comprehension by the normal and deaf communities, to models of human perception, to computer vision and learning algorithms and hardware for automated speechreading machines. The first week focussed on speechreading by humans, the second week by machines, a general organization that is preserved in this volume. After the in evitable difficulties in clarifying language and terminology across disciplines as diverse as human neurophysiology, audiology, psychology, electrical en gineering, mathematics, and computer science, the participants engaged in lively discussion and debate. We think it is fair to say that there was an atmosphere of excitement and optimism for a field that is both fascinating and potentially lucrative. Of the many general results that can be taken from the workshop, two of the key ones are these: * The ways in which humans employ visual image for speech recogni tion are manifold and complex, and depend upon the talker-perceiver pair, severity and age of onset of any hearing loss, whether the topic of conversation is known or unknown, the level of noise, and so forth.

Erst wurde es dunkel. Schwarz stand Es ist schon etwas Merkwiirdiges Doch Licht ist nicht nur ein Hilfs- dann die Scheibe des Mondes vor der mit unseren Augen. Wir denken nicht mittel zum Sehen. Die elektromagne- Sonne. An der Seite ragten Pro tube- oft dariiber nach, was es mit dem tische Strahlung ist ein wichtiger Be- ranzen in die silbrig leuchtende Koro- Licht auf sich hat, das uns durch das standteil der Welt. Licht entsteht in na, himbeerfarben, kitschig rosa. Ich Leben fiihrt. Die Augen zeigen uns Atomen und wird in Atomen wieder sehe das Bild noch heute vor meinen nur ein oberfliichliches Bild von ihm. gefangen. An ihm hat der Mensch zu- Augen. Ebenso unvergeBlich wie diese Wer zwei Polarisationsfilter in die erst gelernt, daB die Welt von Quan- totale Sonnenfinsternis sind mir die Hand bekommt, merkt, wieviel mehr tengesetzen regiert wird. Es kann sich Tierbilder, die ich Jahre danach in den im Licht steckt. Wer eine Haushalts- in Materieteilchen verwandeln, und es Hohlen von Altamira im Fackellicht folie hinzunimmt, wundert sich iiber entsteht, wenn sich Materie und Anti- sah, vor 20000 Jahren von einem die Farbenpracht, die in den farblosen materie begegnen. Kiinstler an die Felswand gezeichnet. Filtern und Folien steckt. Die mo- Wenn der Mond die Sonne verfin- Wieder war es ein optischer Eindruck, derne Optik mit Lasern und Holo- stert, treten Protuberanzen und Koro- von dem ich so ergriffen wurde, daB er grammen gar eroffnet eine noch wun- na hervor.