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Arthur Fletcher (1924-2005) was the most important civil rights
leader you've (probably) never heard of. The first black player for
the Baltimore Colts, the father of affirmative action and adviser
to four presidents, he coined the United Negro College Fund's
motto: "A Mind Is a Terrible Thing to Waste." Modern readers might
be surprised to learn that Fletcher was also a Republican.
Fletcher's story, told in full for the first time in this book,
embodies the conundrum of the post-World War II black
Republican-the civil rights leader who remained loyal to the party
even as it abandoned the principles he espoused. The upward arc of
Fletcher's political narrative begins with his first youthful
protest-a boycott of his high school yearbook-and culminates with
his appointment as assistant secretary of Labor under Richard
Nixon. The Republican Party he embraced after returning from the
war was "the Party of Lincoln"-a big tent, truly welcoming African
Americans. A Terrible Thing to Waste shows us those heady days,
from Brown v. Board of Education to Fletcher's implementing of the
Philadelphia Plan, the first major national affirmative action
initiative. Though successes and accomplishments followed through
successive Republican administrations-as chair of the US Commission
on Civil Rights under George H. W. Bush, for example, Fletcher's
ability to promote civil rights policy eroded along with the GOP's
engagement, as New Movement Conservatism and Nixon's Southern
Strategy steadily alienated black voters. The book follows Fletcher
to the bitter end, his ideals and party in direct conflict and his
signature achievement under threat. In telling Fletcher's story, A
Terrible Thing to Waste brings to light a little known chapter in
the history of the civil rights movement-and with it, insights
especially timely for a nation so dramatically divided over issues
of race and party.
Between 1965, when President Lyndon B. Johnson defined affirmative
action as a legitimate federal goal, and 1972, when President
Richard M. Nixon named one of affirmative action's chief
antagonists the head of the Department of Labor, government
officials at all levels addressed racial economic inequality in
earnest. Providing members of historically disadvantaged groups an
equal chance at obtaining limited and competitive positions,
affirmative action had the potential to alienate large numbers of
white Americans, even those who had viewed school desegregation and
voting rights in a positive light. Thus, affirmative action was --
and continues to be -- controversial. Novel in its approach and
meticulously researched, David Hamilton Golland's Constructing
Affirmative Action: The Struggle for Equal Employment Opportunity
bridges a sizeable gap in the literature on the history of
affirmative action. Golland examines federal efforts to diversify
the construction trades from the 1950s through the 1970s, offering
valuable insights into the origins of affirmative action--related
policy. Constructing Affirmative Action analyzes how community
activism pushed the federal government to address issues of racial
exclusion and marginalization in the construction industry with
programs in key American cities.
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