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This book discusses the on-going exchange of ideas between
variationist linguistics and sociology by extending the debate to
post-war France. It describes the extent to which France's apparent
exceptionalism in a number of areas is real, imagined, or an
artefact of the mode of analysis.
The coming together of linguistics and sociology in the 1960 s,
most notably via the work of William Labov, marked a revolution in
the study of language and provided a paradigm for the understanding
of variation and change. Labovian quantitative methods have been
employed successfully in North America, the UK, Scandinavia and New
Zealand, but have had surprisingly little resonance in France, a
country which poses many challenges to orthodox sociolinguistic
thinking. Why, for example, does a nation with unexceptional scores
on income distribution and social mobility show an exceptionally
high degree of linguistic levelling, that is, the elimination of
marked regional or local speech forms? And why does French appear
to abound in hyperstyle variables, which show greater variation on
the stylistic than on the social dimension, in defiance of a
well-established theory than such variables should not occur? This
volume brings together leading variationist sociolinguists and
sociologists from both sides of the Channel to ask: what makes
France exceptional ? In addressing this question, variationists
have been forced to reassess the accepted interdisciplinary
consensus, and to ask, as sociolinguistics has come of age, whether
concepts and definitions have been transposed in a way which
meaningfully preserves their original sense and, crucially, takes
account of recent developments in sociology. Sociologists, for
their part, have focused on the largely neglected area of language
variation and its implications for social theory. Their findings
therefore transcend the case study of a particularly enigmatic
country to raise important theoretical questions for both
disciplines."
This volume offers a diachronic sociolinguistic perspective on one
of the most complex and fascinating variable speech phenomena in
contemporary French. Liaison affects a number of word-final
consonants which are realized before a vowel but not pre-pausally
or before a consonant. Liaisons have traditionally been classified
as obligatoire (obligatory), interdite (forbidden) and facultative
(optional), the latter category subject to a highly complex
prescriptive norm. This volume traces the evolution of this norm in
prescriptive works published since the 16th Century, and sets it
against actual practice as evidenced from linguists' descriptions
and recorded corpora. The author argues that optional (or variable)
liaison in French offers a rich and well-documented example of
language change driven by ideology in Kroch's (1978) terms, in
which an elite seeks to maintain a complex conservative norm in the
face of generally simplifying changes led by lower socio-economic
groups, who tend in this case to restrict liaison to a small set of
traditionally obligatory environments.
This book considers the identity, direction, and intentions
embodied in post-apartheid South African Foreign Policy. It aims to
deepen the understanding of this evolving post-apartheid foreign
policy through an exploration of the nature and trajectory of key
bilateral relationships from both the global 'South' (Brazil,
China, Iran, the AU) and 'North' (Japan and the UK). This window on
the country's international relations enriches understanding of the
normative and structural factors that influence not only South
African foreign policy, but also those of the 'emerging middle
powers' as they seek to position themselves as influential actors
in international affairs. By sketching the contours of key South
African relationships, the contributors offer illuminating insights
into the cross-pressures shaping South African foreign policy. In
addition, they also add depth to the emerging middle power concept
by exploring four areas where the tendencies and tensions of
emerging middle power foreign policies are apparent: regionalism,
multilateralism, reform of global governance, and approach to moral
leadership. This book was previously published as a special issue
of Commonwealth & Comparative Politics.
This book considers the identity, direction, and intentions
embodied in post-apartheid South African Foreign Policy. It aims to
deepen the understanding of this evolving post-apartheid foreign
policy through an exploration of the nature and trajectory of key
bilateral relationships from both the global 'South' (Brazil,
China, Iran, the AU) and 'North' (Japan and the UK). This window on
the country's international relations enriches understanding of the
normative and structural factors that influence not only South
African foreign policy, but also those of the 'emerging middle
powers' as they seek to position themselves as influential actors
in international affairs. By sketching the contours of key South
African relationships, the contributors offer illuminating insights
into the cross-pressures shaping South African foreign policy. In
addition, they also add depth to the emerging middle power concept
by exploring four areas where the tendencies and tensions of
emerging middle power foreign policies are apparent: regionalism,
multilateralism, reform of global governance, and approach to moral
leadership. This book was previously published as a special issue
of Commonwealth & Comparative Politics.
This volume offers a diachronic sociolinguistic perspective on one
of the most complex and fascinating variable speech phenomena in
contemporary French. Liaison affects a number of word-final
consonants which are realized before a vowel but not pre-pausally
or before a consonant. Liaisons have traditionally been classified
as obligatoire (obligatory), interdite (forbidden) and facultative
(optional), the latter category subject to a highly complex
prescriptive norm. This volume traces the evolution of this norm in
prescriptive works published since the 16th Century, and sets it
against actual practice as evidenced from linguists' descriptions
and recorded corpora. The author argues that optional (or variable)
liaison in French offers a rich and well-documented example of
language change driven by ideology in Kroch's (1978) terms, in
which an elite seeks to maintain a complex conservative norm in the
face of generally simplifying changes led by lower socio-economic
groups, who tend in this case to restrict liaison to a small set of
traditionally obligatory environments.
David Hornsby, who wrote Tom's Bomb, which has appeared in several
anthologies and is a favourite poem of many children, has been
urged by his fans to publish more of his work. He has now produced
a collection of humorous verse, for ages 8 - 100, with his own
amusing drawings. This book includes Sir Samson Simpson's Sloop,
with every single word beginning with S, and The Coggly Poon,
introducing the reader to lots of unusual words - all of which can
be found in the dictionary.
Written by David Hornsby, who is a current Linguistics lecturer and
researcher at the University of Kent, Linguistics - The Essentials
is designed to give you everything you need to succeed, all in one
place. It covers the key areas that students are expected to be
confident in, outlining the basics in clear jargon-free English,
and then providing added value features like summaries of key
books, and even lists of questions you might be asked in your
seminar or exam. The book uses a structure that mirrors many
university courses on linguistics - with separate chapters focusing
on linguistic thought, syntax, sound systems, morphology,
semantics, pragmatics, language acquisition, and much more.
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