This text introduces engineering students to probability theory and stochastic processes. Along with thorough mathematical development of the subject, the book presents intuitive explanations of key points in order to give students the insights they need to apply math to practical engineering problems. The first seven chapters contain the core material that is essential to any introductory course. In one-semester undergraduate courses, instructors can select material from the remaining chapters to meet their individual goals. Graduate courses can cover all chapters in one semester.

In 1997, the two hottest topics in information technology are the Internet and mobile communications. Each one has the enthusiastic attention of the consuming public, investors. and the technical community. In a time of rapid expansion, they both face technical obstacles to meeting the public's high expectations. This situation stimulates a high volume of research in both areas. To bring the Internet into the twenty-first century. the research community focuses on multimedia communications in which integrated systems store, transport. and process many types of information simultaneously. A major challenge is to meet the of each information service. This problem is separate performance requirements especially challenging when a system has to deliver broadband, real-time services such as full-motion video. Meanwhile. the mobile communications research community continues its long term struggle against the triple challenge of mobility. ether. and energy. "Mobility" refers to the changing locations of terminals. When terminals are mobile. networks have to determine their locations and dynamically establish routes for information. The networks also have to rearrange themselves in order to maintain links to terminals with active communications sessions. "Ether" refers to the problems of wireless communications including limited bandwidth. rapidly changing radio propagation conditions. mutual interference of radio signals. and vulnerability of systems to eavesdropping and unauthorized access. "Energy" refers to the fact that portable information devices carry their own power sources. The rate at which the batteries of cellular telephones and portable computers drain their energy has a strong effect on their utility."

This book focuses on emerging issues in power-aware portable multimedia communications devices beyond low-power electronic design. It compiles system-level power management approaches, from theoretical and simulation studies to experimental test beds related to low power computing, mobile communication and networking.

In October 1993, the Rutgers University Wireless Infonnation Network Laboratory hosted the fourth WINLAB Workshop on Third Generation Wireless Infonnation Networks. These events bring together a select group of experts interested in the long tenn future of Personal Communications, Mobile Computing, and other services supported by wireless telecommunications technology. This is a fast moving field and we already see, in present practice, realizations of visions articulated in the earlier Workshops. In particular, the second generation systems that absorbed the attention of the first WINLAB Workshop, are now commercial products. It is an interesting reflection on the state of knowledge of wireless communications that the debates about the relative technical merits of these systems have not yet been resolved. Meanwhile, in the light of United States Government announcements in September 1993 the business and technical communities must confront this year a new generation of Personal Communications Services. Here we have applications in search of the best technologies rather than the reverse. This is a rare situation in the infonnation business. Today's advanced planning and forward looking studies will prevent technology shortages and uncertainties at the end of this decade. By then, market size and public expectations will surpass the capabilities of the systems of the mid-1990's. Third Generation Wireless Infonnation Networks will place greater burdens on technology than their predecessors by offering a wider range of services and a higher degree of service integration.

Rutgers University launched WINLAB in 1989, just as the communications industry, the Federal government, and the financial community in the United States, were waking up to the growing public appetite for wireless communications and to the shortage of technology to feed it. The secret was already out in Europe, where no fewer than three new cordless and cellular systems were progressing from drawing board to laboratory to factory to consumers. In July 1989, the FCC held a well-attended tutorial that turned into a debate over whether second generation British or Swedish technology held the key to mass-market personal communications. Many in the audience wondered whether United States technology was out of the picture. Technology uncertainties are more acute in wireless communications than in any other information service. For example multi-gigabit optical fiber communications have followed an orderly progression from basic science leading to technology, which in turn stimulated standards, and then commercial products. Eventually applications will be found and industry and society at large will reap the benefits. By contrast, the applications of wireless communications are apparent to an eager public. A large market exists but is held in check by a shortage of capacity. The demand has led the cellular industry to formulate standards for advanced systems before the technology is in place to implement them. Everyone holds their breath waiting to observe performance of the first products. Gaps in basic science add to the uncertainty and forestall the resolution of technological debates.

The past several years have been exciting for wireless communications. The public appetite for new services and equipment continues to grow. The Second Generation systems that have absorbed our attention during recent years will soon be commercial realities. In addition to these standard systems, we see an explosion of technical alternatives for meeting the demand for wireless communications. The debates about competing solutions to the same problem are a sign of the scientific and technical immaturity of our field. Here we have an application in search of technology rather than the reverse. This is a rare event in the information business. Happily, there is a growing awareness that we can act now to prevent the technology shortage from becoming more acute at the end of this decade. By then, market size and user expectations will surpass the capabilities of today's emerging systems. Third Generation Wireless Information Networks will place even greater burdens on technology than their ancestors. To discuss these issues, Rutgers University WINLAB plays host to a series of Workshops on Third Generation Wireless Information Networks. The first one, in 1989, had the flavor of a gathering of committed enthusiasts of an interesting niche of telephony. Presentations and discussions centered on the problems of existing cellular systems and technical alternatives to alleviating them. Although the more distant future was the announced theme of the Workshop, it drew only a fraction of our attention.

System-Level Power Optimization for Wireless Multimedia Communication Power Aware Computing focuses on emerging issues in power aware portable multimedia communications devices beyond low-power electronic design. Specifically, this work is a compilation of system-level power management approaches including theoretical and simulation studies, field measurements, algorithm development and experimental test beds related to low power computing, mobile communication and networking. The authors address integrative power optimization studies that jointly consider computing, communications and networking. The chapters reflect four clusters of work: theoretical studies, work related to networks of sensors, techniques for optimizing hardware and software design, and application-level issues.

In 1997, the two hottest topics in information technology are the Internet and mobile communications. Each one has the enthusiastic attention of the consuming public, investors. and the technical community. In a time of rapid expansion, they both face technical obstacles to meeting the public's high expectations. This situation stimulates a high volume of research in both areas. To bring the Internet into the twenty-first century. the research community focuses on multimedia communications in which integrated systems store, transport. and process many types of information simultaneously. A major challenge is to meet the of each information service. This problem is separate performance requirements especially challenging when a system has to deliver broadband, real-time services such as full-motion video. Meanwhile. the mobile communications research community continues its long term struggle against the triple challenge of mobility. ether. and energy. "Mobility" refers to the changing locations of terminals. When terminals are mobile. networks have to determine their locations and dynamically establish routes for information. The networks also have to rearrange themselves in order to maintain links to terminals with active communications sessions. "Ether" refers to the problems of wireless communications including limited bandwidth. rapidly changing radio propagation conditions. mutual interference of radio signals. and vulnerability of systems to eavesdropping and unauthorized access. "Energy" refers to the fact that portable information devices carry their own power sources. The rate at which the batteries of cellular telephones and portable computers drain their energy has a strong effect on their utility."

In October 1993, the Rutgers University Wireless Infonnation Network Laboratory hosted the fourth WINLAB Workshop on Third Generation Wireless Infonnation Networks. These events bring together a select group of experts interested in the long tenn future of Personal Communications, Mobile Computing, and other services supported by wireless telecommunications technology. This is a fast moving field and we already see, in present practice, realizations of visions articulated in the earlier Workshops. In particular, the second generation systems that absorbed the attention of the first WINLAB Workshop, are now commercial products. It is an interesting reflection on the state of knowledge of wireless communications that the debates about the relative technical merits of these systems have not yet been resolved. Meanwhile, in the light of United States Government announcements in September 1993 the business and technical communities must confront this year a new generation of Personal Communications Services. Here we have applications in search of the best technologies rather than the reverse. This is a rare situation in the infonnation business. Today's advanced planning and forward looking studies will prevent technology shortages and uncertainties at the end of this decade. By then, market size and public expectations will surpass the capabilities of the systems of the mid-1990's. Third Generation Wireless Infonnation Networks will place greater burdens on technology than their predecessors by offering a wider range of services and a higher degree of service integration.

The past several years have been exciting for wireless communications. The public appetite for new services and equipment continues to grow. The Second Generation systems that have absorbed our attention during recent years will soon be commercial realities. In addition to these standard systems, we see an explosion of technical alternatives for meeting the demand for wireless communications. The debates about competing solutions to the same problem are a sign of the scientific and technical immaturity of our field. Here we have an application in search of technology rather than the reverse. This is a rare event in the information business. Happily, there is a growing awareness that we can act now to prevent the technology shortage from becoming more acute at the end of this decade. By then, market size and user expectations will surpass the capabilities of today's emerging systems. Third Generation Wireless Information Networks will place even greater burdens on technology than their ancestors. To discuss these issues, Rutgers University WINLAB plays host to a series of Workshops on Third Generation Wireless Information Networks. The first one, in 1989, had the flavor of a gathering of committed enthusiasts of an interesting niche of telephony. Presentations and discussions centered on the problems of existing cellular systems and technical alternatives to alleviating them. Although the more distant future was the announced theme of the Workshop, it drew only a fraction of our attention.

Rutgers University launched WINLAB in 1989, just as the communications industry, the Federal government, and the financial community in the United States, were waking up to the growing public appetite for wireless communications and to the shortage of technology to feed it. The secret was already out in Europe, where no fewer than three new cordless and cellular systems were progressing from drawing board to laboratory to factory to consumers. In July 1989, the FCC held a well-attended tutorial that turned into a debate over whether second generation British or Swedish technology held the key to mass-market personal communications. Many in the audience wondered whether United States technology was out of the picture. Technology uncertainties are more acute in wireless communications than in any other information service. For example multi-gigabit optical fiber communications have followed an orderly progression from basic science leading to technology, which in turn stimulated standards, and then commercial products. Eventually applications will be found and industry and society at large will reap the benefits. By contrast, the applications of wireless communications are apparent to an eager public. A large market exists but is held in check by a shortage of capacity. The demand has led the cellular industry to formulate standards for advanced systems before the technology is in place to implement them. Everyone holds their breath waiting to observe performance of the first products. Gaps in basic science add to the uncertainty and forestall the resolution of technological debates.