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Michel Meyer offers a new beginning for philosophy rooted in a
theory of questioning that he calls "problematology." Meyer argues
that a new beginning is necessary in order to resituate philosophy,
science, and linguistic analysis, and he proposes a global view of
rationality by returning to the nature of questioning itself.
For Meyer, philosophy does not solve problems or give answers but
instead shows how propositions are related to a whole field of
questions that give them meaning. Reason is identified not with
answers but with the question-answer process. Meyer pursues this
new theory of reason and meaning in a critique of Western
philosophy from Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle through Heidegger,
Wittgenstein, and Foucault. He provides a detailed analysis of
Descartes' notion of radical doubt and demonstrates its
implications for the subsequent philosophical tradition that
ignored the questioning process while pursuing an unshakable
foundation for knowledge. Meyer argues that recent work in rhetoric
points toward a theory of radical questioning and claims that the
methods of rhetoric and argumentation must be turned back on
philosophy itself in order to recover the original significance of
metaphysics as the science of ultimate questions.
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