This volume features the complete text of the material presented at the Twenty-Fifth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. As in previous years, the symposium included an interesting mixture of papers on many topics from researchers with diverse backgrounds and different goals, presenting a multifaceted view of cognitive science. This volume includes all papers, posters, and summaries of symposia presented at the leading conference that brings cognitive scientists together. The theme of this year's conference was the social, cultural, and contextual elements of cognition, including topics on collaboration, cultural learning, distributed cognition, and interaction.

This volume features the complete text of the material presented at the Twenty-Fifth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. As in previous years, the symposium included an interesting mixture of papers on many topics from researchers with diverse backgrounds and different goals, presenting a multifaceted view of cognitive science. This volume includes all papers, posters, and summaries of symposia presented at the leading conference that brings cognitive scientists together. The theme of this year's conference was the social, cultural, and contextual elements of cognition, including topics on collaboration, cultural learning, distributed cognition, and interaction.

In the late 1890s, at the dawn of the automobile era, steam, gasoline, and electric cars all competed to become the dominant automotive technology. By the early 1900s, the battle was over and internal combustion had won. Was the electric car ever a viable competitor? What characteristics of late nineteenth-century American society led to the choice of internal combustion over its steam and electric competitors? And might not other factors, under slightly differing initial conditions, have led to the adoption of one of the other motive powers as the technological standard for the American automobile? David A. Kirsch examines the relationship of technology, society, and environment to choice, policy, and outcome in the history of American transportation. He takes the history of the Electric Vehicle Company as a starting point for a vision of an ""alternative" automotive system in which gasoline and electric vehicles would have each been used to supply different kinds of transport services. Kirsch examines both the support-and lack thereof-for electric vehicles by the electric utility industry. Turning to the history of the electric truck, he explores the demise of the idea that different forms of transportation technology might coexist, each in its own distinct sphere of service. A main argument throughout Kirsch's book is that technological superiority cannot be determined devoid of social context. In the case of the automobile, technological superiority ultimately was located in the hearts and minds of engineers, consumers and drivers; it was not programmed inexorably into the chemical bonds of a gallon of refined petroleum. Finally, Kirsch connects the historic choice of internal combustion over electricity to current debates about the social and environmental impacts of the automobile, the introduction of new hybrid vehicles, and the continuing evolution of the American transportation system.

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2009 im Fachbereich Geschichte Europa - and. Lander - Mittelalter, Fruhe Neuzeit, Note: 1,7, Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat Jena, Veranstaltung: Seminar: Heinrich II.: Heiliger oder Gewaltherrscher?, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Als kluge Ratgeberin, eine tatkraftige Regentin und als] eine liebe Frau" wird die Konigin und Kaiserin Kunigunde in heutiger Forschungsliteratur beschrieben. Sie war die Ehefrau des bayerischen Herzogs Heinrich IV., der 1002 Konig des Ostfrankenreiches wurde. Das volkstumliche Bild stellt sie als heilige Frau eines ebenso heiligen Gatten dar. Sowohl Thietmar von Merseburg als auch Adabold von Utrecht bieten in ihren Schriften nur wenige Informationen uber Kunigunde, sondern beschaftigen sich hauptsachlich mit ihrem Gemahlen Heinrich. In Annalen wird sie haufig nur in einem Satz erwahnt, aber die Urkunden Heinrich II., in denen sie oft als Intervenientin auftritt, bieten einen gewissen Einblick in ihre Personlichkeit. Wipo berichtet in seiner Gesta Chuonradi uber die Zeit der Kaiserin Kunigunde nach dem Tod ihres Mannes im Jahr 1024 bis zum Herrschaftsantritt Konrad II. Um ein Bild uber die historische und poltische Kunigunde entwerfen zu konnen, bedarf es der Abkehr von den zahlreichen Legenden. So muss an die Stelle der Konstruktion ...] die Rekonstruktion treten." Mit Beginn des 2. Jahrtausend nahmen Frauen im Ottonenreich immer bedeutendere Positionen und Funktionen ein. Vor allem im 10. und 11. Jahrhundert stieg die Herrschaftsbeteiligung deutlich an. Neben Kaiserinnen wie Adelheid und Theophanu scheint auch Kunigunde aktiv auf die Politik ihres Gatten eingewirkt zu haben. Doch welche Aufgaben besass die Frau an der Seite Heinrich II. konkret? Konnte sie tatsachlich auf die Politik ihres Mannes einwirken? Wenn ja, in welchen Bereichen war es ihr moglich? Das sind Fragen die in der folgenden Arbeit beantwortet werden sollen. Dazu ist vorerst notig die Herkunft Kunigundes, ihre Heirat mit Heinrich I