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This book covers the principles of advanced 3D fabrication
techniques, stem cells and biomaterials for neural engineering.
Renowned contributors cover topics such as neural tissue
regeneration, peripheral and central nervous system repair,
brain-machine interfaces and in vitro nervous system modeling.
Within these areas, focus remains on exciting and emerging
technologies such as highly developed neuroprostheses and the
communication channels between the brain and prostheses, enabling
technologies that are beneficial for development of therapeutic
interventions, advanced fabrication techniques such as 3D
bioprinting, photolithography, microfluidics, and subtractive
fabrication, and the engineering of implantable neural grafts.There
is a strong focus on stem cells and 3D bioprinting technologies
throughout the book, including working with embryonic, fetal,
neonatal, and adult stem cells and a variety of sophisticated 3D
bioprinting methods for neural engineering applications. There is
also a strong focus on biomaterials, including various conductive
biomaterials and biomimetic nanomaterials such as carbon-based
nanomaterials and engineered 3D nanofibrous scaffolds for neural
tissue regeneration. Finally, two chapters on in vitro nervous
system models are also included, which cover this topic in the
context of studying physiology and pathology of the human nervous
system, and for use in drug discovery research. This is an
essential book for biomedical engineers, neuroscientists,
neurophysiologists, and industry professionals.
This book covers the principles of advanced 3D fabrication
techniques, stem cells and biomaterials for neural engineering.
Renowned contributors cover topics such as neural tissue
regeneration, peripheral and central nervous system repair,
brain-machine interfaces and in vitro nervous system modeling.
Within these areas, focus remains on exciting and emerging
technologies such as highly developed neuroprostheses and the
communication channels between the brain and prostheses, enabling
technologies that are beneficial for development of therapeutic
interventions, advanced fabrication techniques such as 3D
bioprinting, photolithography, microfluidics, and subtractive
fabrication, and the engineering of implantable neural grafts.There
is a strong focus on stem cells and 3D bioprinting technologies
throughout the book, including working with embryonic, fetal,
neonatal, and adult stem cells and a variety of sophisticated 3D
bioprinting methods for neural engineering applications. There is
also a strong focus on biomaterials, including various conductive
biomaterials and biomimetic nanomaterials such as carbon-based
nanomaterials and engineered 3D nanofibrous scaffolds for neural
tissue regeneration. Finally, two chapters on in vitro nervous
system models are also included, which cover this topic in the
context of studying physiology and pathology of the human nervous
system, and for use in drug discovery research. This is an
essential book for biomedical engineers, neuroscientists,
neurophysiologists, and industry professionals.
Biopolymers from Renewable Resources is a compilation of
information on the diverse and useful polymers derived from
agricultural, animal, and microbial sources. The volume provides
insight into the diversity of polymers obtained directly from, or
derived from, renewable resources. The beneficial aspects of
utilizing polymers from renewable resources, when considering
synthesis, pro cessing, disposal, biodegradability, and overall
material life-cycle issues, suggests that this will continue to be
an important and growing area of interest. The individual chapters
provide information on synthesis, processing and properties for a
variety of polyamides, polysaccharides, polyesters and polyphenols.
The reader will have a single volume that provides a resource from
which to gain initial insights into this diverse field and from
which key references and contacts can be drawn. Aspects of biology,
biotechnology, polymer synthesis, polymer processing and
engineering, mechanical properties and biophysics are addressed to
varying degrees for the specific biopolymers. The volume can be
used as a reference book or as a teaching text. At the more
practical level, the range of important materials derived from
renewable resources is both extensive and impressive. Gels,
additives, fibers, coatings and films are generated from a variety
of the biopolymers reviewed in this volume. These polymers are used
in commodity materials in our everyday lives, as well as in
specialty products."
It is our pleasure to present this special volume on tissue
engineering in the series Advances in Biochemical Engineering and
Biotechnology. Thisvolume re?ects the emergence of tissue
engineering as a core discipline of modern biomedical engineering,
and recognizes the growing synergies between the technological
developments in biotechnology and biomedicine. Along this vein, the
focusof thisvolume istoprovide abiotechnology driven perspective on
cell engineering fundamentals while highlighting their signi?cance
in p- ducing functional tissues. Our aim is to present an overview
of the state of the art of a selection of these technologies,
punctuated with current applications in the research and
development of cell-based therapies for human disease. To prepare
this volume, we have solicited contributions from leaders and
experts in their respective ?elds, ranging from biomaterials and
bioreactors to gene delivery and metabolic engineering. Particular
emphasis was placed on including reviews that discuss various
aspects of the biochemical p- cesses underlying cell function, such
as signaling, growth, differentiation, and communication. The
reviews of research topics cover two main areas: cel- lar and
non-cellular components and assembly; evaluation and optimization
of tissue function; and integrated reactor or implant system
development for research and clinical applications. Many of the
reviews illustrate how bioche- cal engineering methods are used to
produce and characterize novel materials (e. g. genetically
engineered natural polymers, synthetic scaffolds with ce- type
speci?c attachment sites or inductive factors), whose unique
properties enable increased levels of control over tissue
development and architecture.
Biopolymers from Renewable Resources is a compilation of
information on the diverse and useful polymers derived from
agricultural, animal, and microbial sources. The volume provides
insight into the diversity of polymers obtained directly from, or
derived from, renewable resources. The beneficial aspects of
utilizing polymers from renewable resources, when considering
synthesis, pro cessing, disposal, biodegradability, and overall
material life-cycle issues, suggests that this will continue to be
an important and growing area of interest. The individual chapters
provide information on synthesis, processing and properties for a
variety of polyamides, polysaccharides, polyesters and polyphenols.
The reader will have a single volume that provides a resource from
which to gain initial insights into this diverse field and from
which key references and contacts can be drawn. Aspects of biology,
biotechnology, polymer synthesis, polymer processing and
engineering, mechanical properties and biophysics are addressed to
varying degrees for the specific biopolymers. The volume can be
used as a reference book or as a teaching text. At the more
practical level, the range of important materials derived from
renewable resources is both extensive and impressive. Gels,
additives, fibers, coatings and films are generated from a variety
of the biopolymers reviewed in this volume. These polymers are used
in commodity materials in our everyday lives, as well as in
specialty products."
Neutron stars are invaluable tools for exploring stellar death, the
physics of ultra-dense matter, and the effects of extremely strong
magnetic fields. The observed population of neutron stars is
dominated by the >1000 radio pulsars, but there are distinct
sub-populations that, while fewer in number, can have significant
impact on our understanding of the issues mentioned above. These
populations are the nearby, isolated neutron stars discovered by
ROSAT, and the central compact objects in supernova remnants. The
studies of both of these populations have been greatly accelerated
in recent years through observations with the Chandra X-ray
Observatory and the XMM-Newton telescope. First, we discuss radio,
optical, and X-ray observations of the nearby neutron stars aimed
at determining their relation to the Galactic neutron star
population and at unraveling their complex physical processes by
determining the basic astronomical parameters that define the
population---distances, ages, and magnetic fields---the
uncertainties in which limit any attempt to derive basic physical
parameters for these objects. magnetic fields above 1e13 Gauss.
Second, we describe the hollow supernova remnant problem: why many
of the supernova remnants in the Galaxy have no indication of
central neutron stars. We have undertaken an X-ray census of
neutron stars in a volume-limited sample of Galactic supernova
remnants, and from it conclude that either many supernovae do not
produce neutron stars contrary to expectation, or that neutron
stars can have a wide range in cooling behavior that makes many
sources disappear from the X-ray sky.
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