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Psychological hedonism - the idea that people tend to act in ways
that maximize pleasure and minimize displeasure - has a decidedly
poor reputation among academics who study human behavior. Opinions
range from outright rejection to those who believe it to be
intuitively obvious, but untestable and therefore unhelpful. In
this book, the author introduces an empirically testable and useful
theory of psychological hedonism based on contemporary theory and
research in the emerging field of affective neuroscience. He goes
on to argue that people are genetically endowed with a tendency
towards psychological hedonism as a function of Darwinian
processes. This view of psychological hedonism in light of its
Darwinian origins - thereinafter referred to as Darwinian hedonism
- is essential to address the growing global epidemic of unhealthy
behavior, such as poor diet, physical inactivity, and substance
use.
This new edition of a foundational text presents a contemporary
review of cladistics, as applied to biological classification. It
provides a comprehensive account of the past fifty years of
discussion on the relationship between classification, phylogeny
and evolution. It covers cladistics in the era of molecular data,
detailing new advances and ideas that have emerged over the last
twenty-five years. Written in an accessible style by
internationally renowned authors in the field, readers are
straightforwardly guided through fundamental principles and
terminology. Simple worked examples and easy-to-understand diagrams
also help readers navigate complex problems that have perplexed
scientists for centuries. This practical guide is an essential
addition for advanced undergraduates, postgraduates and researchers
in taxonomy, systematics, comparative biology, evolutionary biology
and molecular biology.
Wildlife management specialists and landscape ecologists offer a
new perspective on the important intersection of these fields in
the twenty-first century. It's been clear for decades that
landscape-level patterns and processes, along with the tenets and
tools of landscape ecology, are vitally important in understanding
wildlife-habitat relationships and sustaining wildlife populations.
Today, significant shifts in the spatial scale of extractive,
agricultural, ranching, and urban land uses are upon us, making it
more important than ever before to connect wildlife management and
landscape ecology. Landscape ecologists must understand the
constraints that wildlife managers face and be able to use that
knowledge to translate their work into more practical applications.
Wildlife managers, for their part, can benefit greatly from
becoming comfortable with the vocabulary, conceptual processes, and
perspectives of landscape ecologists. In Wildlife Management and
Landscapes, the foremost landscape ecology experts and wildlife
management specialists come together to discuss the emerging role
of landscape concepts in habitat management. Their contributions *
make the case that a landscape perspective is necessary to address
management questions * translate concepts in landscape ecology to
wildlife management * explain why studying some important
habitat-wildlife relationships is still inherently difficult *
explore the dynamic and heterogeneous structure of natural systems
* reveal why factors such as soil, hydrology, fire, grazing, and
timber harvest lead to uncertainty in management decisions *
explain matching scale between population processes and management
* discuss limitations to management across jurisdictional
boundaries and balancing objectives of private landowners and
management agencies * offer practical ideas for improving
communication between professionals * outline the impediments that
limit a full union of landscape ecology and wildlife management
Using concrete examples of modern conservation challenges that
range from oil and gas development to agriculture and urbanization,
the volume posits that shifts in conservation funding from a hunter
constituent base to other sources will bring a dramatic change in
the way we manage wildlife. Explicating the foundational similarity
of wildlife management and landscape ecology, Wildlife and
Landscapes builds crucial bridges between theoretical and practical
applications. Contributors: Jocelyn L. Aycrigg, Guillaume
Bastille-Rousseau, Jon P. Beckmann, Joseph R. Bennett, William M.
Block, Todd R. Bogenschutz, Teresa C. Cohn, John W. Connelly,
Courtney J. Conway, Bridgett E. Costanzo, David D. Diamond, Karl A.
Didier, Lee F. Elliott, Michael E. Estey, Lenore Fahrig, Cameron J.
Fiss, Jacqueline L. Frair, Elsa M. Haubold, Fidel Hernandez, Jodi
A. Hilty, Joseph D. Holbrook, Cynthia A. Jacobson, Kevin M.
Johnson, Jeffrey K. Keller, Jeffery L. Larkin, Kimberly A. Lisgo,
Casey A. Lott, Amanda E. Martin, James A. Martin, Darin J. McNeil,
Michael L. Morrison, Betsy E. Neely, Neal D. Niemuth, Chad J.
Parent, Humberto L. Perotto-Baldivieso, Ronald D. Pritchert, Fiona
K. A. Schmiegelow, Amanda L. Sesser, Gregory J. Soulliere, Leona K.
Svancara, Stephen C. Torbit, Joseph A. Veech, Kerri T. Vierling,
Greg Wathen, David M. Williams, Mark J. Witecha, John M. Yeiser
"Presenting a historical analysis of the evolution of systematics
during the last one hundred years, Milestones in Systematics
reviews many of the major issues in systematic theory and practice
that have driven the working methods of systematics during the 20th
century and looks at the issues most likely to preoccupy
systematists in the immediate future. The book highlights:
Published in 1997, this volume is a collection of seminal articles
on a theme of central importance in the study of transport history,
selected from the leading journal in the field. containing articles
selected by a distinguished scholar, as well as an authoritative
new introduction by the volume editor. The book will form an
essential foundation to the study of the history of shipping.
Published in 1997, this volume is a collection of seminal articles
on a theme of central importance in the study of transport history,
selected from the leading journal in the field. containing articles
selected by a distinguished scholar, as well as an authoritative
new introduction by the volume editor. The book will form an
essential foundation to the study of the history of shipping.
Anyone interested in comparative biology or the history of
science will find this myth-busting work genuinely fascinating. It
draws attention to the seminal studies and important advances that
have shaped systematic and biogeographic thinking. It traces
concepts in homology and classification from the 19th century to
the present through the provision of a unique anthology of
scientific writings from Goethe, Agassiz, Owen, Naef, Zangerl and
Nelson, among others.
Anyone interested in comparative biology or the history of
science will find this myth-busting work genuinely fascinating. It
draws attention to the seminal studies and important advances that
have shaped systematic and biogeographic thinking. It traces
concepts in homology and classification from the 19th century to
the present through the provision of a unique anthology of
scientific writings from Goethe, Agassiz, Owen, Naef, Zangerl and
Nelson, among others.
Psychological hedonism - the idea that people tend to act in ways
that maximize pleasure and minimize displeasure - has a decidedly
poor reputation among academics who study human behavior. Opinions
range from outright rejection to those who believe it to be
intuitively obvious, but untestable and therefore unhelpful. In
this book, the author introduces an empirically testable and useful
theory of psychological hedonism based on contemporary theory and
research in the emerging field of affective neuroscience. He goes
on to argue that people are genetically endowed with a tendency
towards psychological hedonism as a function of Darwinian
processes. This view of psychological hedonism in light of its
Darwinian origins - thereinafter referred to as Darwinian hedonism
- is essential to address the growing global epidemic of unhealthy
behavior, such as poor diet, physical inactivity, and substance
use.
This new edition of a foundational text presents a contemporary
review of cladistics, as applied to biological classification. It
provides a comprehensive account of the past fifty years of
discussion on the relationship between classification, phylogeny
and evolution. It covers cladistics in the era of molecular data,
detailing new advances and ideas that have emerged over the last
twenty-five years. Written in an accessible style by
internationally renowned authors in the field, readers are
straightforwardly guided through fundamental principles and
terminology. Simple worked examples and easy-to-understand diagrams
also help readers navigate complex problems that have perplexed
scientists for centuries. This practical guide is an essential
addition for advanced undergraduates, postgraduates and researchers
in taxonomy, systematics, comparative biology, evolutionary biology
and molecular biology.
While it is no secret that Islamic terrorists utilize the internet,
the assertion that the internet is a virtual safe haven more
important than any geographical safe haven is rarely made. As a
result of the expansion of the Internet capabilities over the last
two decades and the loss and disruption of geographic safe havens
worldwide, Islamic terrorists are now becoming all the more reliant
upon the internet as a safe haven from which to recruit, finance,
communicate, train, and survive to continue to conduct operations
and further their cause. An examination of the geographical safe
havens, the emergence of the Internet in warfare, and the
adaptation of Al Qa'ida following 9/11, reveals how Al Qa'ida and
other Islamic terrorist organizations have grown dependent on the
Internet. A comparison between the capabilities that the Internet's
cyberspace offers and what a geographic safe haven can provide
suggests that in some functions the Internet is more effective and
safer than physical space for Al Qa'ida and its affiliates. These
conclusions lead to a discussion that the United States is ignoring
a very real front in its efforts to "disrupt, dismantle, and
defeat" al Qa'ida and its affiliates, Islamic terrorists enjoy
operating on the internet with minimal disruption and risk to
accomplish many of the same tasks that used to require geographical
space to conduct.
There is a tension between classic and modern approaches to the
Bible that continues to drive discussion today. For traditional
theology, the Bible was divine revelation and a Church Father could
say ""we listen to God when we read."" For critical history, the
Bible was a collection of writings from the past to be read no
differently than any other book. The weight of the tension falls on
those who wish to combine the two approaches without being false to
either. This book comes to the issues through sustained examination
of contemporary writers committed to the faithful practice of both
theology and history: biblical scholars Raymond Brown and Brevard
Childs, and theologians Juan Luis Segundo and Henri de Lubac.
Drawing especially on Brown and de Lubac, David Williams concludes
that faithful reception of the Bible as Scripture involves both
full application of historical studies and open acceptance of a
Christological focus. Separating the biblical witness from history
threatens to break contact with the communities of biblical Israel
and the apostolic Church, just as failing to see that ""in these
last days, God spoke to us through a Son"" threatens to reduce the
Bible to a merely historical artifact. To avoid the first
difficulty, Williams argues for recognition of the Bible as a
complex union of human and divine intentions where historical work
is necessary to distinguish and maintain the integrity of each. To
avoid the second, he sets the four traditional senses of Scripture
within a Christocentric framework as a means of actualizing the
textual witness in the present. The book should prove helpful to
students as an overview of some of the issues involved, while more
advanced readers will appreciate its analysis of recent scholars as
well the attempt to integrate and adapt their insights.
Organophosphorus Chemistry provides a comprehensive annual review
of the literature. Coverage includes phosphines and their
chalcogenides, phosphonium salts, low coordination number
phosphorus compounds, penta- and hexa-coordinated compounds,
tervalent phosphorus acids, nucleotides and nucleic acids, ylides
and related compounds, and phosphazenes. The series will be of
value to research workers in universities, government and
industrial research organisations, whose work involves the use of
organophosphorus compounds. It provides a concise but comprehensive
survey of a vast field of study with a wide variety of
applications, enabling the reader to rapidly keep abreast of the
latest developments in their specialist areas. Specialist
Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage
of progress in the major areas of chemical research. Written by
experts in their specialist fields the series creates a unique
service for the active research chemist, supplying regular critical
in-depth accounts of progress in particular areas of chemistry. For
over 80 years the Royal Society of Chemistry and its predecessor,
the Chemical Society, have been publishing reports charting
developments in chemistry, which originally took the form of Annual
Reports. However, by 1967 the whole spectrum of chemistry could no
longer be contained within one volume and the series Specialist
Periodical Reports was born. The Annual Reports themselves still
existed but were divided into two, and subsequently three, volumes
covering Inorganic, Organic and Physical Chemistry. For more
general coverage of the highlights in chemistry they remain a
'must'. Since that time the SPR series has altered according to the
fluctuating degree of activity in various fields of chemistry. Some
titles have remained unchanged, while others have altered their
emphasis along with their titles; some have been combined under a
new name whereas others have had to be discontinued. The current
list of Specialist Periodical Reports can be seen on the inside
flap of this volume.
Organophosphorus Chemistry provides a comprehensive annual review
of the literature. Coverage includes phosphines and their
chalcogenides, phosphonium salts, low coordination number
phosphorus compounds, penta- and hexa-coordinated compounds,
tervalent phosphorus acids, nucleotides and nucleic acids, ylides
and related compounds, and phosphazenes. The series will be of
value to research workers in universities, government and
industrial research organisations, whose work involves the use of
organophosphorus compounds. It provides a concise but comprehensive
survey of a vast field of study with a wide variety of
applications, enabling the reader to rapidly keep abreast of the
latest developments in their specialist areas. Specialist
Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage
of progress in the major areas of chemical research. Written by
experts in their specialist fields the series creates a unique
service for the active research chemist, supplying regular critical
in-depth accounts of progress in particular areas of chemistry. For
over 80 years the Royal Society of Chemistry and its predecessor,
the Chemical Society, have been publishing reports charting
developments in chemistry, which originally took the form of Annual
Reports. However, by 1967 the whole spectrum of chemistry could no
longer be contained within one volume and the series Specialist
Periodical Reports was born. The Annual Reports themselves still
existed but were divided into two, and subsequently three, volumes
covering Inorganic, Organic and Physical Chemistry. For more
general coverage of the highlights in chemistry they remain a
'must'. Since that time the SPR series has altered according to the
fluctuating degree of activity in various fields of chemistry. Some
titles have remained unchanged, while others have altered their
emphasis along with their titles; some have been combined under a
new name whereas others have had to be discontinued. The current
list of Specialist Periodical Reports can be seen on the inside
flap of this volume.
In the last 20-30 years, research on affective determinants of
health behavior has proliferated. Affective Determinants of Health
Behavior brings together this burgeoning area of research into a
single volume and features contributions from leading experts in
their respective areas. Editors David M. Williams, Ryan E. Rhodes,
and Mark T. Conner and their contributing authors focus on a
fascinating range of affective concepts, including (but not limited
to) hedonic response, incidental affect, perceived satisfaction,
anticipated affect, affective attitudes, and affective
associations. In the first part of the book, the role of affective
concepts in multiple theories of health behavior is highlighted and
expanded, including theories of action control, dual-processing,
temporal self-regulation, self-determination, and planned behavior,
along with a new theory of hedonic motivation. The second part of
the book focuses on the role of affective concepts in specific
health behavior domains, including physical activity, eating,
smoking, substance use, sex, tanning, blood donation, the
performance of health professionals, cancer screenings, and cancer
control. Affective Determinants of Health Behavior offers readers
an important window into existing research and serves as a showcase
for important insights on possible new directions and implications
for intervention.
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