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The Mongol invasions in the first half of the thirteenth century
led to profound and shattering changes to the historical trajectory
of Islamic West Asia. As this new volume in The Idea of Iran series
suggests, sudden conquest from the east was preceded by events
closer to home which laid the groundwork for the later Mongol
success. In the mid-twelfth century the Seljuq empire rapidly
unravelled, its vast provinces fragmenting into a patchwork of
mostly short-lived principalities and kingdoms. In time, new powers
emerged, such as the pagan Qara-Khitai in Central Asia; the
Khwarazmshahs in Khwarazm, Khorosan and much of central Iran; and
the Ghurids to the southeast. Yet all were blown away by the
Mongols, who faced no resistance from a sufficiently muscular
imperial competitor and whose influx was viewed by contemporaries
as cataclysmic. Distinguished scholars including David O Morgan and
the late C E Bosworth here discuss the dynasties that preceded the
invasion - and aspects of their literature, poetry and science - as
well as the conquerors themselves and their rule in Iran from 1219
to 1256.
This volume traces the second great expansion of the Islamic world
eastwards from the eleventh century to the eighteenth. As the faith
crossed cultural boundaries, the trader and the mystic became as
important as the soldier and the administrator. Distinctive Islamic
idioms began to emerge from other great linguistic traditions apart
from Arabic, especially in Turkish, Persian, Urdu, Swahili, Malay
and Chinese. The Islamic world transformed and absorbed new
influences. As the essays in this collection demonstrate, three
major features distinguish the time and place from both earlier and
modern experiences of Islam. Firstly, the steppe tribal peoples of
central Asia had a decisive impact on the Islamic lands. Secondly,
Islam expanded along the trade routes of the Indian Ocean and the
South China Sea. Thirdly, Islam interacted with Asian spirituality,
including Hinduism, Sikhism, Buddhism, Taoism and Shamanism. It was
during this period that Islam became a truly world religion.
This volume traces the second great expansion of the Islamic world
eastwards from the eleventh century to the eighteenth. As the faith
crossed cultural boundaries, the trader and the mystic became as
important as the soldier and the administrator. Distinctive Islamic
idioms began to emerge from other great linguistic traditions apart
from Arabic, especially in Turkish, Persian, Urdu, Swahili, Malay
and Chinese. The Islamic world transformed and absorbed new
influences. As the essays in this collection demonstrate, three
major features distinguish the time and place from both earlier and
modern experiences of Islam. Firstly, the steppe tribal peoples of
central Asia had a decisive impact on the Islamic lands. Secondly,
Islam expanded along the trade routes of the Indian Ocean and the
South China Sea. Thirdly, Islam interacted with Asian spirituality,
including Hinduism, Sikhism, Buddhism, Taoism and Shamanism. It was
during this period that Islam became a truly world religion.
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