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During the Glorious Revolution of 1688 Huguenot soldiers were at
the forefront of William of Orange's army. Their role was an
important one and they are, with justification, best remembered for
this act among British historians and the public alike. Yet
Huguenot soldiering existed long before this event, and French
Protestants and their descendants featured prominently in European
armies long afterwards. This volume is the first attempt to bring
together in a scholarly study essays treating the Huguenots as
soldiers in Europe and globally. Their story is often fascinating
and sometimes poignant as they aided international Protestantism
against Catholic foes across Europe and in the New World, while
remaining 'under the cross' in their homeland of France. The book
is divided into three sections, the first analysing the period
prior to the 1685 Revocation of the Edict of Nantes which sealed
their fate in France. Their role as mercenaries and freedom
fighters receives attention, as does the complex political
motivation that underscored their involvements abroad in the
pre-Revocation era. Chapters examine the Huguenot rationale for
foreign service and the dynamics of the Protestant international of
which they were such a prominent part. Their role in European
armies after that date is covered in the second section of the
volume with a number of expert studies of Huguenot refugees in the
armies of Britain, the Netherlands and Russia. A third section
treats the Huguenot legacy, focusing on the aging generation of
refugees and their descendants' contributions to the countries of
their adoption. This book contains studies of the Huguenots serving
in armies in various countries, and examines the lives and actions
of a number of individual French refugee commanders who led armies
consisting of their compatriots. By combining biographical studies
of eminent figures with broader considerations of group experience,
the volume presents a wide-ranging and thought provoking collection
of material, making this the first study of its kind to
consistently treat the military contribution made by the Huguenots
to Europe at the high point of their importance as a historical
group.
The years 1650 to 1750 - sandwiched between an age of 'wars of
religion' and an age of 'revolutionary wars' - have often been
characterized as a 'de-ideologized' period. However, the essays in
this collection contend that this is a mistaken assumption. For
whilst international relations during this time may lack the
obvious polarization between Catholic and Protestant visible in the
proceeding hundred years, or the highly charged contest between
monarchies and republics of the late eighteenth century, it is
forcibly argued that ideology had a fundamental part to play in
this crucial transformative stage of European history. Many early
modernists have paid little attention to international relations
theory, often taking a 'Realist' approach that emphasizes the
anarchism, materialism and power-political nature of international
relations. In contrast, this volume provides alternative
perspectives, viewing international relations as socially
constructed and influenced by ideas, ideology and identities.
Building on such theoretical developments, allows international
relations after 1648 to be fundamentally reconsidered, by putting
political and economic ideology firmly back into the picture. By
engaging with, and building upon, recent theoretical developments,
this collection treads new terrain. Not only does it integrate
cultural history with high politics and foreign policy, it also
engages directly with themes discussed by political scientists and
international relations theorists. As such it offers a fresh, and
genuinely interdisciplinary approach to this complex and
fundamental period in Europe's development.
During the Glorious Revolution of 1688 Huguenot soldiers were at
the forefront of William of Orange's army. Their role was an
important one and they are, with justification, best remembered for
this act among British historians and the public alike. Yet
Huguenot soldiering existed long before this event, and French
Protestants and their descendants featured prominently in European
armies long afterwards. This volume is the first attempt to bring
together in a scholarly study essays treating the Huguenots as
soldiers in Europe and globally. Their story is often fascinating
and sometimes poignant as they aided international Protestantism
against Catholic foes across Europe and in the New World, while
remaining 'under the cross' in their homeland of France. The book
is divided into three sections, the first analysing the period
prior to the 1685 Revocation of the Edict of Nantes which sealed
their fate in France. Their role as mercenaries and freedom
fighters receives attention, as does the complex political
motivation that underscored their involvements abroad in the
pre-Revocation era. Chapters examine the Huguenot rationale for
foreign service and the dynamics of the Protestant international of
which they were such a prominent part. Their role in European
armies after that date is covered in the second section of the
volume with a number of expert studies of Huguenot refugees in the
armies of Britain, the Netherlands and Russia. A third section
treats the Huguenot legacy, focusing on the aging generation of
refugees and their descendants' contributions to the countries of
their adoption. This book contains studies of the Huguenots serving
in armies in various countries, and examines the lives and actions
of a number of individual French refugee commanders who led armies
consisting of their compatriots. By combining biographical studies
of eminent figures with broader considerations of group experience,
the volume presents a wide-ranging and thought provoking collection
of material, making this the first study of its kind to
consistently treat the military contribution made by the Huguenots
to Europe at the high point of their importance as a historical
group.
William III (1650-1702) was Stadholder in the United Provinces and
King of England, Scotland and Ireland. His reign has always
intrigued historians, as it encompassed such defining events as the
Dutch year of Disaster (1672), the Glorious Revolution (1688) and
the ensuing wars against France. Although William has played a
pivotal role in the political and religious history of his
countries, the significance and international impact of his reign
is still not very well understood. This volume contains a number of
innovative essays from specialists in the field, which have evolved
from papers delivered to an international conference held at the
University of Utrecht in December 2002. By focusing on the entire
period 1650-1702 from an international perspective, the volume
moves historical discussion away from the traditional analysis of
single events to encompass William's entire reign from a variety of
political, religious, intellectual and cultural positions. In so
doing it offers a new perspective on the British and Dutch reigns
of William III, as well as the wider European milieu.
Hans Willem Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland (1649-1709) was the
closest confidant of William III and arguably the most important
politician in Williamite Britain. Beginning his career in 1664 as
page to William of Orange, his fortunes gained momentum with the
Prince's rise to power in The Netherlands and Britain, emerging as
William's favourite at court from the 1670s onwards. Taking a
broadly chronological approach, the central concern of this book is
not simply to provide a biographical account of Portland's life,
but to explore wider political themes within a European context. By
analysing Portland's role within William's government it shows how
royal favourites could still wield considerable influence on
European events and help shape royal policy, particularly with
regard to foreign policy. By engaging with the question of why such
a figure emerged, this study helps illuminate the workings of
William's government and the central role of his foreign entourage.
Drawing from archival material in England, Scotland, France and The
Netherlands, it ties the history of post-Revolution Britain with
political events in the Netherlands. It also analyses Anglo-Dutch
political relations during the crucial period of the Nine Years
War, Britain's first major commitment to a continental war since
the sixteenth century. In so doing it connects Dutch and British
historiography and significantly contributes to our understanding
of British politics during the 1690s, both domestically and within
an international context.
The years 1650 to 1750 - sandwiched between an age of 'wars of
religion' and an age of 'revolutionary wars' - have often been
characterized as a 'de-ideologized' period. However, the essays in
this collection contend that this is a mistaken assumption. For
whilst international relations during this time may lack the
obvious polarization between Catholic and Protestant visible in the
proceeding hundred years, or the highly charged contest between
monarchies and republics of the late eighteenth century, it is
forcibly argued that ideology had a fundamental part to play in
this crucial transformative stage of European history. Many early
modernists have paid little attention to international relations
theory, often taking a 'Realist' approach that emphasizes the
anarchism, materialism and power-political nature of international
relations. In contrast, this volume provides alternative
perspectives, viewing international relations as socially
constructed and influenced by ideas, ideology and identities.
Building on such theoretical developments, allows international
relations after 1648 to be fundamentally reconsidered, by putting
political and economic ideology firmly back into the picture. By
engaging with, and building upon, recent theoretical developments,
this collection treads new terrain. Not only does it integrate
cultural history with high politics and foreign policy, it also
engages directly with themes discussed by political scientists and
international relations theorists. As such it offers a fresh, and
genuinely interdisciplinary approach to this complex and
fundamental period in Europe's development.
Many historians consider the Peace of Westphalia, which ended the
Thirty Years' War in 1648, to mark a watershed in European
international relations. It is generally agreed that Westphalia
brought to an end more than a century of religious conflicts and
marked the beginning of a new era in which secular power politics
was the prime motivating factor in international relations and
warfare. The purpose of this volume is to question this assumption
and reconceptualise the relationship between war, foreign policy
and religion during the period 1648 to 1713. Some of the
contributions to the volume directly challenge the idea that
religion ceased to play a role in war and foreign policy. Others
confirm the traditional view that religion did not play a dominant
role after 1648, but seek to re-evaluate its significance and
thereby redefine religious influences on policy in this period. By
exploring this issue from various perspectives, the volume offers a
unique opportunity to reassess the influence of religion in
international politics. It also yields deeper insights into
concepts of secularisation, and complements the research of many
social and cultural historians who have begun to challenge the idea
of a decline in the influence of religion in domestic politics and
society. By matching the relationship between conflict and religion
with this scholarship a more nuanced appreciation of the European
situation begins to emerge.
William III (1650 - 1702) was Stadholder in the United Provinces
and King of England, Scotland and Ireland. His reign has always
intrigued historians, as it encompassed such defining events as the
Dutch year of Disaster (1672), the Glorious Revolution (1688) and
the ensuing wars against France. Although William has played a
pivotal role in the political and religious history of his
countries, the significance and international impact of his reign
is still not very well understood. This volume contains a number of
innovative essays from specialists in the field, which have evolved
from papers delivered to an international conference held at the
University of Utrecht in December 2002. By focusing on the entire
period 1650 - 1702 from an international perspective, the volume
moves historical discussion away from the traditional analysis of
single events to encompass William's entire reign from a variety of
political, religious, intellectual and cultural positions. In so
doing, it offers a new perspective on the British and Dutch reigns
of William III, as well as the wider European milieu.
This book aims to reinterpret current perceptions of the Dutch
Forty Years War (1672-1713), usually regarded as a struggle against
the expansionism of Louis XIV, birthing the European balance of
power. Particular attention is given to recent international
relations theory, through the examination of popular and official
documents, as well as political and diplomatic correspondence.
While focusing on the emergence and appropriation of Universal
Monarchy and Balance of Power discourses, this book also provides
counter discourses, allowing readers to explore the lively domestic
debate on foreign policy along partisan lines.
Emerging at the turn of the seventeenth century, the Dutch Republic
rose to become a powerhouse of economic growth, artistic
creativity, military innovation, religious tolerance and
intellectual development. This is the first textbook to present
this period of early modern Dutch history in a global context. It
makes an active use of illustrations, objects, personal stories and
anecdotes to present a lively overview of Dutch global history that
is solidly grounded in sources and literature. Focusing on themes
that resonate with contemporary concerns, such as overseas
exploration, war, slavery, migration, identity and racism, this
volume charts the multiple ways in which the Dutch were connected
with the outside world. It serves as an engaging and accessible
introduction to Dutch history as well as a case study in early
modern global expansion.
Emerging at the turn of the seventeenth century, the Dutch Republic
rose to become a powerhouse of economic growth, artistic
creativity, military innovation, religious tolerance and
intellectual development. This is the first textbook to present
this period of early modern Dutch history in a global context. It
makes an active use of illustrations, objects, personal stories and
anecdotes to present a lively overview of Dutch global history that
is solidly grounded in sources and literature. Focusing on themes
that resonate with contemporary concerns, such as overseas
exploration, war, slavery, migration, identity and racism, this
volume charts the multiple ways in which the Dutch were connected
with the outside world. It serves as an engaging and accessible
introduction to Dutch history as well as a case study in early
modern global expansion.
Many historians consider the Peace of Westphalia, which ended the
Thirty Years' War in 1648, to mark a watershed in European
international relations. It is generally agreed that Westphalia
brought to an end more than a century of religious conflicts and
marked the beginning of a new era in which secular power politics
was the prime motivating factor in international relations and
warfare. The purpose of this volume is to question this assumption
and reconceptualise the relationship between war, foreign policy
and religion during the period 1648 to 1713. Some of the
contributions to the volume directly challenge the idea that
religion ceased to play a role in war and foreign policy. Others
confirm the traditional view that religion did not play a dominant
role after 1648, but seek to re-evaluate its significance and
thereby redefine religious influences on policy in this period. By
exploring this issue from various perspectives, the volume offers a
unique opportunity to reassess the influence of religion in
international politics. It also yields deeper insights into
concepts of secularisation, and complements the research of many
social and cultural historians who have begun to challenge the idea
of a decline in the influence of religion in domestic politics and
society. By matching the relationship between conflict and religion
with this scholarship a more nuanced appreciation of the European
situation begins to emerge.
Hans Willem Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland (1649-1709) was the
closest confidant of William III and arguably the most important
politician in Williamite Britain. Beginning his career in 1664 as
page to William of Orange, his fortunes gained momentum with the
Prince's rise to power in The Netherlands and Britain, emerging as
William's favourite at court from the 1670s onwards. Taking a
broadly chronological approach, the central concern of this book is
not simply to provide a biographical account of Portland's life,
but to explore wider political themes within a European context. By
analysing Portland's role within William's government it shows how
royal favourites could still wield considerable influence on
European events and help shape royal policy, particularly with
regard to foreign policy. By engaging with the question of why such
a figure emerged, this study helps illuminate the workings of
William's government and the central role of his foreign entourage.
Drawing from archival material in England, Scotland, France and The
Netherlands, it ties the history of post-Revolution Britain with
political events in the Netherlands. It also analyses Anglo-Dutch
political relations during the crucial period of the Nine Years
War, Britain's first major commitment to a continental war since
the sixteenth century. In so doing it connects Dutch and British
historiography and significantly contributes to our understanding
of British politics during the 1690s, both domestically and within
an international context.
This book aims to reinterpret current perceptions of the Dutch
Forty Years War (1672-1713), usually regarded as a struggle against
the expansionism of Louis XIV, birthing the European balance of
power. Particular attention is given to recent international
relations theory, through the examination of popular and official
documents, as well as political and diplomatic correspondence.
While focusing on the emergence and appropriation of Universal
Monarchy and Balance of Power discourses, this book also provides
counter discourses, allowing readers to explore the lively domestic
debate on foreign policy along partisan lines.
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