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This book provides a ground-breaking assessment of the Israeli
national security experience from the establishment of the country
through to the present day. Seventy-five years after its
establishment, the State of Israel continues to face an acute
national security predicament as a result of the still unresolved
Arab–Israeli conflict. This monograph offers a new framework for
analyzing this experience, first exploring the crucial events of
the past and present that define it, including interstate wars,
asymmetrical wars, low-intensity conflicts, and developments in
weapons of mass destruction. The book then probes how Israel’s
evolving national security doctrine has addressed these various
challenges over the years, highlighting the roles of a number of
variables: deterrence, warning, and decision; strategic depth and
defensible borders; the quality and quantity of fighting men and
machines; intelligence; self-reliance in military matters; foreign
policy; and the influence of ethnic demography, societal
resilience, economic prosperity, and water security. Written in
accessible, non-technical language, the book will appeal to general
readers seeking an introduction to Israeli security, as well as to
specialists and researchers in various fields, including Israeli
history, Middle Eastern politics, and security studies.
This book dispels two common myths about the American-Israeli
patron-client relationship -- that arms transfers to Israel have
been motivated by American domestic politics rather than national
interests and that these arms transfers have come without any
political strings attached to them. The first part of the book
describes and analyses the institutionalisation of the
American-Israeli arms pipeline during the Johnson administration,
demonstrating conclusively in the process that arms transfers to
the Jewish state were based primarily on American national
interests. The second part of the book consists of four case
studies that clearly reveal that American arms transfers to Israel,
whether in wartime or in peacetime, have always come with a
diplomatic price tag attached to them. The book is based largely on
American government documents from the Foreign Relations of the
United States (FRUS) series, from the Lyndon B Johnson Presidential
Library, and from the United States National Archives.
The Israel Air Force (IAF) has accumulated as much battle
experience as any air force in the world during the post-Second
World War era, and it has recorded many outstanding accomplishments
throughout a seemingly endless string of interstate wars,
asymmetrical wars, counterinsurgency campaigns, and special
operations. This book examines the IAF's experience in the
ArabIsraeli conflict from the establishment of Israel in 1948 to
the present day. It analyses this experience through the prisms of
manoeuvre warfare, attrition warfare, counterinsurgency warfare,
special operations, and humanitarian operations. The book reviews
the IAF's performance in such wars as the 1967 Six-Day War, the
196970 War of Attrition, the 1973 Yom Kippur War, the 2006 Second
Lebanon War, and the 20089 Gaza War. The book also scrutinizes the
IAF's participation in major counterinsurgency campaigns and
special operations, traces the air force's experience with unmanned
aerial vehicles (UAVs), which have occupied a very prominent place
in air operations since the 1982 Lebanon War, and chronicles its
experience with anti-aircraft defences and satellites. Up-to-date
information on the IAF's bases, squadrons, and other infrastructure
is provided as well. The book is based on personal visits to the
IAF over the past few years, during which the author had the
opportunity to tour bases, listen to lectures and briefings, and
speak with numerous retired, reserve, and active duty officers.
Three outcomes are possible on the battlefield: victory, defeat, or
draw. An adversary may defeat or be defeated by its adversary, or
neither of the two may emerge victorious or vanquished. Observers
of military history have long tried to identify the variables that
determine victory, defeat, or draw. While most would certainly
acknowledge that decisions on the battlefield are dictated by a
combination of variables rather than by a lone circumstance, many
observers nevertheless tend to stress a single variable -- for
example, the number of fighting men and fighting machines deployed
by the adversaries, or the operational doctrines employed by the
opposing forces -- as far more significant to the explanations of
these decisions than other variables. This book, in contrast, takes
a multicausal approach to the question of victory, defeat, or draw,
proposing that a combination of six organizational, materiel, and
environmental variables are pivotal to the explanation of decision
on the battlefield. Using the extensive history of the Israel
Defense Forces, the book examines a sample of eight battles across
the ArabIsraeli conflict from 1948 to 1982 in order to determine
the collective impact of the six variables on the outcomes of these
battles, concluding that this basket of variables captures much of
the explanation behind victory, defeat, or draw on the battlefield,
at least insofar as concerns the record of the IDF. While the
research in this book is aimed primarily at military historians and
military practitioners, it is fully accessible to any layperson
interested in Israeli military history in particular or
international military history in general.
Combined arms warfare (CAW) -- the integration of different arms on
the battlefield (e.g., armor, infantry, artillery, aircraft, and
engineers) in order to achieve maximal efficiency there -- is as
old as war itself. Every army across both time and space that has
engaged in combat has practiced one version or another of CAW,
whether consciously or otherwise. The Israel Defenxse Forces (IDF)
has been no exception to the rule. This book traces the Israeli
experience with CAW from the countrys War of Independence in 194749
(against a coalition of Arab states) through Operation Protective
Edge in 2014 (against a coalition of Hamas-led terrorist/insurgent
groups). It describes and analyzes the IDFs practice of CAW in each
interstate war (IW), asymmetrical war (AW), and low-intensity
conflict (LIC) that Israel has fought since the countrys
establishment in the mid-twentieth century. The book also
highlights the Israeli approach to CAW in respect of special
operations (SPEC OPS). With no end in sight to the ArabIsraeli
conflict, and with further hostilities between Israel and its
neighbors virtually assured in the future, Combined Arms Warfare in
Israeli Military History constitutes an essential addition to the
literature about Middle Eastern warfare. This book is aimed
primarily at the academic and research community, but it is fully
accessible to anyone with an interest in Israeli military history.
The State of Israel faced one of its most difficult challenges
during the 1973 Yom Kippur War. Though the Israel Defense Forces
(IDF) eventually emerged as the clear victor in the war, it
suffered serious reverses at the outset of hostilities, as well as
substantial losses in men and equipment. This book revisits the Yom
Kippur War by exploring a number of issues that have not previously
received the attention they deserve or that would benefit from a
fresh evaluation. Among the issues examined are: the
AmericanIsraeli and JordanianIsraeli relationships during the war;
the roles of Israeli nuclear weapons and airpower; the IDFs
practice of combined arms warfare; the reasons why the IDF turned
the tide of the war more quickly on the Golan front than on the
Sinai front; the impact of American arms transfers; and the lessons
derived from the war by the United States Army and the IDF. This
book, which relies heavily on government documents and other
primary sources of information, fills important descriptive and
analytical gaps in the academic literature about the Yom Kippur
War. No other book compares to it in respect of content and
interpretation. It is, in short, essential reading for all scholars
interested in the diplomatic and military dimensions of the war.
Combined arms warfare (CAW) -- the integration of different arms on
the battlefield (eg: armor, infantry, artillery, aircraft, and
engineers) in order to achieve maximal efficiency there -- is as
old as war itself. Every army across both time and space that has
engaged in combat has practiced one version or another of CAW,
whether consciously or otherwise. The Israel Defense Forces (IDF)
has been no exception to the rule. This book traces the Israeli
experience with CAW from the countrys War of Independence in
1947-49 (against a coalition of Arab states) through Operation
Protective Edge in 2014 (against a coalition of Hamas-led
terrorist/insurgent groups). It describes and analyzes the IDFs
practice of CAW in each interstate war (IW), asymmetrical war (AW),
and low-intensity conflict (LIC) that Israel has fought since the
countrys establishment in the mid-twentieth century. The book also
highlights the Israeli approach to CAW in respect of special
operations (SPEC OPS). With no end in sight to the ArabIsraeli
conflict, and with further hostilities between Israel and its
neighbors virtually assured in the future, Combined Arms Warfare in
Israeli Military History constitutes an essential addition to the
literature about Middle Eastern warfare. This book is aimed
primarily at the academic and research community, but it is fully
accessible to anyone with an interest in Israeli military history.
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