This ground-breaking collection explores the convergence of the spatial and digital turns through a consideration of a suite of smartphone apps (Hidden Cities) that situate research-led itineraries in early modern cities, proposing an innovative historical methodology and providing a novel medium for audience engagement. This book explores how the team digitally mapped the cities of Florence, Valencia, Trento, Hamburg, Deventer and Exeter as they were during the Renaissance and what historians can learn by doing this, which would not be possible by looking at just textual and visual sources. Providing researchers with a 'how to guide' along with case studies to explore how digital technologies can support more traditional research to move the field forward.

The interest of AI in problems related to understanding sounds has a rich history dating back to the ARPA Speech Understanding Project in the 1970s. While a great deal has been learned from this and subsequent speech understanding research, the goal of building systems that can understand general acoustic signals--continuous speech and/or non-speech sounds--from unconstrained environments is still unrealized. Instead, there are now systems that understand "clean" speech well in relatively noiseless laboratory environments, but that break down in more realistic, noisier environments. As seen in the "cocktail-party effect," humans and other mammals have the ability to selectively attend to sound from a particular source, even when it is mixed with other sounds. Computers also need to be able to decide which parts of a mixed acoustic signal are relevant to a particular purpose--which part should be interpreted as speech, and which should be interpreted as a door closing, an air conditioner humming, or another person interrupting.
Observations such as these have led a number of researchers to conclude that research on speech understanding and on nonspeech understanding need to be united within a more general framework. Researchers have also begun trying to understand computational auditory frameworks as parts of larger perception systems whose purpose is to give a computer integrated information about the real world. Inspiration for this work ranges from research on how different sensors can be integrated to models of how humans' auditory apparatus works in concert with vision, proprioception, etc. Representing some of the most advanced work on computers understanding speech, this collection of papers covers the work being done to integrate speech and nonspeech understanding in computer systems.

How did early modern societies think about disasters, such as earthquakes or floods? How did they represent disaster, and how did they intervene to mitigate its destructive effects? This collection showcases the breadth of new work on the period ca. 1300-1750. Covering topics that range from new thinking about risk and securitization to the protection of dikes from shipworm, and with a geography that extends from Europe to Spanish America, the volume places early modern disaster studies squarely at the intersection of intellectual, cultural, and socio-economic history. This period witnessed fresh speculation on nature, the diffusion of disaster narratives and imagery, and unprecedented attempts to control the physical world. The book will be essential to specialists and students of environmental history and disaster, as well as general readers who seek to discover how pre-industrial societies addressed some of the same foundational issues we grapple with today.

This ground-breaking collection explores the convergence of the spatial and digital turns through a consideration of a suite of smartphone apps (Hidden Cities) that situate research-led itineraries in early modern cities, proposing an innovative historical methodology and providing a novel medium for audience engagement. This book explores how the team digitally mapped the cities of Florence, Valencia, Trento, Hamburg, Deventer and Exeter as they were during the Renaissance and what historians can learn by doing this, which would not be possible by looking at just textual and visual sources. Providing researchers with a 'how to guide' along with case studies to explore how digital technologies can support more traditional research to move the field forward.

The interest of AI in problems related to understanding sounds has a rich history dating back to the ARPA Speech Understanding Project in the 1970s. While a great deal has been learned from this and subsequent speech understanding research, the goal of building systems that can understand general acoustic signals--continuous speech and/or non-speech sounds--from unconstrained environments is still unrealized. Instead, there are now systems that understand "clean" speech well in relatively noiseless laboratory environments, but that break down in more realistic, noisier environments. As seen in the "cocktail-party effect," humans and other mammals have the ability to selectively attend to sound from a particular source, even when it is mixed with other sounds. Computers also need to be able to decide which parts of a mixed acoustic signal are relevant to a particular purpose--which part should be interpreted as speech, and which should be interpreted as a door closing, an air conditioner humming, or another person interrupting. Observations such as these have led a number of researchers to conclude that research on speech understanding and on nonspeech understanding need to be united within a more general framework. Researchers have also begun trying to understand computational auditory frameworks as parts of larger perception systems whose purpose is to give a computer integrated information about the real world. Inspiration for this work ranges from research on how different sensors can be integrated to models of how humans' auditory apparatus works in concert with vision, proprioception, etc. Representing some of the most advanced work on computers understanding speech, this collection of papers covers the work being done to integrate speech and nonspeech understanding in computer systems.

'This book should be on every school counselor's desk. One would need to have read dozens of books every year for the past 10 years to have even minimal access to the information and wisdom imparted here'-Gloria Avolio DePaul, School Counselor, Hillsborough County School District, Tampa, FL To help establish an optimal learning environment and support students with ADHD and their families, educators need up-to-date knowledge, in-depth advice, and practical tools that can be immediately and easily implemented. The School Counselor's Guide to ADHD covers not only principal causes, symptoms, and interventions for ADHD, but also current, detailed information on executive brain function. This comprehensive resource includes a wide range of inclusive practices that help define the multiple roles and responsibilities of school counsellors, such as: - Providing effective student interventions to ensure individual success - Collaborating with teachers to deliver instruction, manage behaviour, and facilitate classroom accommodations - Communicating with parents about student progress and challenges - Understanding common ADHD medications and their effects on children Strengthen your work with students and key stakeholders with this resource and ensure that students with ADHD have the support they need to thrive.

Designed for an undergraduate course or for independent study, this text presents sophisticated mathematical ideas in an elementary and friendly fashion. The fundamental purpose of this book is to teach mathematical thinking while conveying the beauty and elegance of mathematics. The book contains a large number of exercises of varying difficulty, some of which are designed to help reinforce basic concepts and others of which will challenge virtually all readers. The sole prerequisite for reading this text is high school algebra. Topics covered include: * mathematical induction * modular arithmetic * the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic * Fermat's Little Theorem * RSA encryption * the Euclidean algorithm * rational and irrational numbers * complex numbers * cardinality * Euclidean plane geometry * constructibility (including a proof that an angle of 60 degrees cannot be trisected with a straightedge and compass)* infinite series * higher dimensional spaces. This textbook is suitable for a wide variety of courses and for a broad range of students of mathematics and other subjects. Mathematically inclined senior high school students will also be able to read this book. From the reviews of the first edition: "It is carefully written in a precise but readable and engaging style... I thoroughly enjoyed reading this recent addition to the Springer Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics series and commend this clear, well-organised, unfussy text to its target audiences." (Nick Lord, The Mathematical Gazette, Vol. 100 (547), 2016) "The book is an introduction to real mathematics and is very readable. ... The book is indeed a joy to read, and would be an excellent text for an 'appreciation of mathematics' course, among other possibilities." (G.A. Heuer, Mathematical Reviews, February, 2015) "Many a benighted book misguidedly addresses the need [to teach mathematical thinking] by framing reasoning, or narrowly, proof, not as pervasive modality but somehow as itself an autonomous mathematical subject. Fortunately, the present book gets it right.... [presenting] well-chosen, basic, conceptual mathematics, suitably accessible after a K-12 education, in a detailed, self-conscious way that emphasizes methodology alongside content and crucially leads to an ultimate clear payoff. ... Summing Up: Recommended. Lower-division undergraduates and two-year technical program students; general readers." (D.V. Feldman, Choice, Vol. 52 (6), February, 2015)

Designed for an undergraduate course or for independent study, this text presents sophisticated mathematical ideas in an elementary and friendly fashion. The fundamental purpose of this book is to teach mathematical thinking while conveying the beauty and elegance of mathematics. The book contains a large number of exercises of varying difficulty, some of which are designed to help reinforce basic concepts and others of which will challenge virtually all readers. The sole prerequisite for reading this text is high school algebra. Topics covered include: * mathematical induction * modular arithmetic * the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic * Fermat's Little Theorem * RSA encryption * the Euclidean algorithm * rational and irrational numbers * complex numbers * cardinality * Euclidean plane geometry * constructibility (including a proof that an angle of 60 degrees cannot be trisected with a straightedge and compass)* infinite series * higher dimensional spaces. This textbook is suitable for a wide variety of courses and for a broad range of students of mathematics and other subjects. Mathematically inclined senior high school students will also be able to read this book. From the reviews of the first edition: "It is carefully written in a precise but readable and engaging style... I thoroughly enjoyed reading this recent addition to the Springer Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics series and commend this clear, well-organised, unfussy text to its target audiences." (Nick Lord, The Mathematical Gazette, Vol. 100 (547), 2016) "The book is an introduction to real mathematics and is very readable. ... The book is indeed a joy to read, and would be an excellent text for an 'appreciation of mathematics' course, among other possibilities." (G.A. Heuer, Mathematical Reviews, February, 2015) "Many a benighted book misguidedly addresses the need [to teach mathematical thinking] by framing reasoning, or narrowly, proof, not as pervasive modality but somehow as itself an autonomous mathematical subject. Fortunately, the present book gets it right.... [presenting] well-chosen, basic, conceptual mathematics, suitably accessible after a K-12 education, in a detailed, self-conscious way that emphasizes methodology alongside content and crucially leads to an ultimate clear payoff. ... Summing Up: Recommended. Lower-division undergraduates and two-year technical program students; general readers." (D.V. Feldman, Choice, Vol. 52 (6), February, 2015)

Consciousness and Mind presents David Rosenthal's influential work on the nature of consciousness. Central to that work is Rosenthal's higher-order-thought theory of consciousness, according to which a sensation, thought, or other mental state is conscious if one has a higher-order thought (HOT) that one is in that state. The first four essays develop various aspects of that theory. The next three essays present Rosenthal's homomorphism theory of mental qualities and qualitative consciousness, and show how that theory fits with and helps sustain the HOT theory. A crucial feature of homomorphism theory is that it individuates and taxonomizes mental qualities independently of the way we're conscious of them, and indeed independently of our being conscious of them at all. So the theory accommodates the qualitative character not only of conscious sensations and perceptions, but also of those which fall outside our stream of consciousness. Rosenthal argues that, because this account of mental qualities makes no appeal to consciousness, it enables us to dispel such traditional quandaries as the alleged conceivability of undetectable quality inversion, and to disarm various apparent obstacles to explaining qualitative consciousness and understanding its nature. Six further essays build on the HOT theory to explain various important features of consciousness, among them the complex connections that hold in humans between consciousness and speech, the self-interpretative aspect of consciousness, and the compelling sense we have that consciousness is unified. Two of the essays, one an extended treatment of homomorphism theory, appear here for the first time. There is also a substantive introduction, which draws out the connections between the essays and highlights their implications.

Consciousness and Mind presents David Rosenthal's influential work on the nature of consciousness. Central to that work is Rosenthal's higher-order-thought theory of consciousness, according to which a sensation, thought, or other mental state is conscious if one has a higher-order thought (HOT) that one is in that state. The first four essays develop various aspects of that theory. The next three essays present Rosenthal's homomorphism theory of mental qualities and qualitative consciousness, and show how that theory fits with and helps sustain the HOT theory. A crucial feature of homomorphism theory is that it individuates and taxonomizes mental qualities independently of the way we're conscious of them, and indeed independently of our being conscious of them at all. So the theory accommodates the qualitative character not only of conscious sensations and perceptions, but also of those which fall outside our stream of consciousness. Rosenthal argues that, because this account of mental qualities makes no appeal to consciousness, it enables us to dispel such traditional quandaries as the alleged conceivability of undetectable quality inversion, and to disarm various apparent obstacles to explaining qualitative consciousness and understanding its nature. Six further essays build on the HOT theory to explain various important features of consciousness, among them the complex connections that hold in humans between consciousness and speech, the self-interpretative aspect of consciousness, and the compelling sense we have that consciousness is unified. Two of the essays, one an extended treatment of homomorphism theory, appear here for the first time. There is also a substantive introduction, which draws out the connections between the essays and highlights their implications.

Psychotherapy Classics
Featuring contributions from some of the most influential and enigmatic thinkers of the 20th century, Psychotherapy Classics: Landmark Articles in the History of Psychotherapy and Counseling is essential reading for anybody with an interest in this area.
Significant Aspects of Client-Centered Therapy By Carl Rogers
In this landmark publication Carl Rogers outlines the origins of client-centered therapy, the process of client-centered therapy, the discovery and capacity of the client and the client-centered nature of the therapeutic relationship.
The Problem of Psychotherapy by Laurance Shaffer
Originally presented as the address of the President of the Division of Clinical and Abnormal Psychology, American Psychological Association; this landmark paper draws attention to issues relating to the nature of the therapeutic process within psychotherapy which are just as relevant today:
How can we understand what takes place in the therapeutic interview? Why does it readjust the distressed person? Under what conditions is psychotherapy applicable? What techniques, applied in appropriately selected circumstances will produce predictable and effective results?
Shaffer's central argument is that the psychologist's major problem with respect to therapy is not that of the professional conditions of practice, but is the problem of understanding what therapy is and does.
Psychotherapy And The Placebo Effect by David Rosenthal & Jerome D. Frank
Describes the placebo effect, discusses some of its implications for the evaluation of psychotherapy, and makes recommendations concerning research design in psychotherapy based on these considerations.
Rational Psychotherapy and Individual Psychology by Albert Ellis
One of the first published accounts of rational psychotherapy; a theory of personality and a system of therapeutic technique that would eventually develop into what is now known as rational emotive behavior therapy.
In the course of this landmark paper Ellis introduces and expands upon his hypothesis that thinking represents the most important way in which human emotion is caused and controlled. He then goes on to outline the main points of agreement and disagreement between rational therapy and the individual Psychology of Alfred Adler.
Recollections of A Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy: The Case of "Prisoner K" by Thomas-Szasz
Fascinating account of "psychoanalytic psychotherapy" conducted by Thomas Szasz; who was soon to elevated into a position of international renown and controversy following the publication of his classic text "The Myth of Mental Illness."
Psychotherapy As A Learning Process by Albert Bandura
In this classic paper eminent psychologist Albert Bandura explores systematic attempts to apply principles of learning to the area of psychotherapy. Bandura begins this exploration by asking whether human behavior can be modified through psychological means and if so, what are the learning mechanisms that mediate behavior change? He then sets about discussing some of these learning mechanisms in turn i.e., counterconditioning, extinction, discrimination learning, methods of reward, punishment and social imitation.
Psychotherapy Classics: Landmark Articles in the History of Psychotherapy and Counseling has been produced as part of an initiative by the website www.all-about-psychology.com to make historically important psychology publications widely available.

'This book should be on every school counselor's desk. One would need to have read dozens of books every year for the past 10 years to have even minimal access to the information and wisdom imparted here'-Gloria Avolio DePaul, School Counselor, Hillsborough County School District, Tampa, FL To help establish an optimal learning environment and support students with ADHD and their families, educators need up-to-date knowledge, in-depth advice, and practical tools that can be immediately and easily implemented. The School Counselor's Guide to ADHD covers not only principal causes, symptoms, and interventions for ADHD, but also current, detailed information on executive brain function. This comprehensive resource includes a wide range of inclusive practices that help define the multiple roles and responsibilities of school counsellors, such as: - Providing effective student interventions to ensure individual success - Collaborating with teachers to deliver instruction, manage behaviour, and facilitate classroom accommodations - Communicating with parents about student progress and challenges - Understanding common ADHD medications and their effects on children Strengthen your work with students and key stakeholders with this resource and ensure that students with ADHD have the support they need to thrive.

Though many books exist to help teachers of school-age children with ADHD, not much has been written with the early childhood educator in mind. This unique book is specifically written for preschool and early elementary educators. Its focus is not to discuss guidelines for diagnosing ADHD in young children, but to provide PreKu3 teachers with a better understanding of the disorder, how to recognize it, and how it impacts both social-emotional and educational development. Children who exhibit ADHD behaviors need early educational support to minimize learning challenges and classroom disruption. The authors present a variety of strategies for classroom adaptations (both environmental and instructional), as well as practical interventions to develop appropriate social skills, manage classroom behavior, help children with ADHD master the particularly challenging task of writing, and communicate effectively with parents. One chapter reviews what teachers should know about medications and how they affect behavior in the classroom. An extensive Resource section at the end of the book offers detailed profiles of children in preschool and primary grades diagnosed with ADHD. Though this book has been written to help children who struggle with attentional issues, teachers will find the strategies applicable for all children in their classrooms.

Designed for an undergraduate course or for independent study, this text presents sophisticated mathematical ideas in an elementary and friendly fashion. The fundamental purpose of this book is to engage the reader and to teach a real understanding of mathematical thinking while conveying the beauty and elegance of mathematics. The text focuses on teaching the understanding of mathematical proofs. The material covered has applications both to mathematics and to other subjects. The book contains a large number of exercises of varying difficulty, designed to help reinforce basic concepts and to motivate and challenge the reader. The sole prerequisite for understanding the text is basic high school algebra; some trigonometry is needed for Chapters 9 and 12. Topics covered include: mathematical induction - modular arithmetic - the fundamental theorem of arithmetic - Fermat's little theorem - RSA encryption - the Euclidean algorithm -rational and irrational numbers - complex numbers - cardinality - Euclidean plane geometry - constructability (including a proof that an angle of 60 degrees cannot be trisected with a straightedge and compass). This textbook is suitable for a wide variety of courses and for a broad range of students in the fields of education, liberal arts, physical sciences and mathematics. Students at the senior high school level who like mathematics will also be able to further their understanding of mathematical thinking by reading this book.