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This book describes the experimental and theoretical bases for the
development of specifically quantum-mechanical approaches to
metrology, imaging, and communication. In particular, it presents
novel techniques developed over the last two decades and explicates
them both theoretically and by reference to experiments which
demonstrate their principles in practice. The particular techniques
explored include two-photon interferometry, two-photon optical
aberration and dispersion cancellation, lithography, microscopy,
and cryptography.
This volume contains the proceedings of the Fifth International
Confer- ence on Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS V), held at
the Capitol Holiday Inn, Washington, DC, USA, from September 30 to
October 4, 1985. The conference was the fifth in a series of
conferences held bienni- ally. Previous conferences were held in
Miinster (1977), Stanford (1979), Budapest (1981), and Osaka
(1983). SIMS V was organized by Dr. R. J. Colton of the Nayal
Research Lab- oratory and Dr. D. S. Simons of the National Bureau
of Standards un- der the auspices of the International Organizing
Committee chaired by Prof. A. Benninghoven of the Universitat
Miinster. Dr. Richard F. K. Herzog served as the honorary chairman
of SIMS V. While Dr. Herzog is best known to the mass spectrometry
community for his theoretical development of a mass spectrometer
design, known as the Mattauch-Herzog geometry, he also made several
early and impor- tant contributions to SIMS. In 1949, Herzog and
Viehbock published a description of the first instrument designed
to study secondary ions pro- duced by bombardment from a beam of
ions generated in a source that was separated from the sample by a
narrow tube. Later at the GCA Cor- poration, he brought together a
team of researchers including H. J. Liebl, F. G. Riidenauer, W. P.
Poschenrieder and F. G. Satkiewicz, who designed and built, and
carried out applied research with the first commercial ion
microprobe.
This book describes the experimental and theoretical bases for the
development of specifically quantum-mechanical approaches to
metrology, imaging, and communication. In particular, it presents
novel techniques developed over the last two decades and explicates
them both theoretically and by reference to experiments which
demonstrate their principles in practice. The particular techniques
explored include two-photon interferometry, two-photon optical
aberration and dispersion cancellation, lithography, microscopy,
and cryptography.
Topology is the study of properties of geometrical objects that
remain invariant as the object is bent, twisted, or otherwise
continuously deformed. It has been an indispensable tool in
particle physics and solid state physics for decades, but in recent
years it has become increasingly relevant in classical and quantum
optics as well. It makes appearances through such diverse phenomena
as Pancharatnam-Berry phases, optical vortices and solitons, and
optical simulations of solid-state topological phenomena. This book
concisely provides the necessary mathematical background needed to
understand these developments and to give a rapid survey of some of
the optical applications where topological issues arise.
Topology is the study of properties of geometrical objects that
remain invariant as the object is bent, twisted, or otherwise
continuously deformed. It has been an indispensable tool in
particle physics and solid state physics for decades, but in recent
years it has become increasingly relevant in classical and quantum
optics as well. It makes appearances through such diverse phenomena
as Pancharatnam-Berry phases, optical vortices and solitons, and
optical simulations of solid-state topological phenomena. This book
concisely provides the necessary mathematical background needed to
understand these developments and to give a rapid survey of some of
the optical applications where topological issues arise.
From science fiction death rays to supermarket scanners, lasers
have become deeply embedded in our daily lives and our culture. But
in recent decades the standard laser beam has evolved into an array
of more specialized light beams with a variety of strange and
counterintuitive properties. Some of them have the ability to
reconstruct themselves after disruption by an obstacle, while
others can bend in complicated shapes or rotate like a corkscrew.
These unusual optical effects open new and exciting possibilities
for science and technology. For example, they make possible
microscopic tractor beams that pull objects toward the source of
the light, and they allow the trapping and manipulation of
individual molecules to construct specially-tailored nanostructures
for engineering or medical use. It has even been found that beams
of light can produce lines of darkness that can be tied in knots.
This book is an introductory survey of these specialized light
beams and their scientific applications, at a level suitable for
undergraduates with a basic knowledge of optics and quantum
mechanics. It provides a unified treatment of the subject,
collecting together in textbook form for the first time many topics
currently found only in the original research literature.
From science fiction death rays to supermarket scanners, lasers
have become deeply embedded in our daily lives and our culture. But
in recent decades the standard laser beam has evolved into an array
of more specialized light beams with a variety of strange and
counterintuitive properties. Some of them have the ability to
reconstruct themselves after disruption by an obstacle, while
others can bend in complicated shapes or rotate like a corkscrew.
These unusual optical effects open new and exciting possibilities
for science and technology. For example, they make possible
microscopic tractor beams that pull objects toward the source of
the light, and they allow the trapping and manipulation of
individual molecules to construct specially-tailored nanostructures
for engineering or medical use. It has even been found that beams
of light can produce lines of darkness that can be tied in knots.
This book is an introductory survey of these specialized light
beams and their scientific applications, at a level suitable for
undergraduates with a basic knowledge of optics and quantum
mechanics. It provides a unified treatment of the subject,
collecting together in textbook form for the first time many topics
currently found only in the original research literature.
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