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The world's oceans cover 70% of the earth's surface and are home to
a myriad of amazing and beautiful creatures. However, the
biodiversity of the oceans is incre- ingly coming under serious
threat from many human activities including overfi- ing, use of
destructive fishing methods, pollution and commercial aquaculture.
In addition, climate change is already having an impact on some
marine ecosystems. This book discusses some of the major threats
facing marine ecosystems by cons- ering a range of topics, under
chapters discussing biodiversity (Chapter 1), fisheries (Chapter
2), aquaculture (Chapter 3), pollution (Chapter 4) and the impacts
of increasing greenhouse gas emissions (Chapter 5). It goes on to
explore solutions to the problems by discussing equitable and
sustainable management of the oceans (Chapter 6) and protecting
marine ecosystems using marine reserves (Chapter 7). Presently, 76%
of the oceans are fully or over-exploited with respect to fishing,
and many species have been severely depleted. It is abundantly
clear that, in general, current fisheries management regimes are to
blame for much of the widespread degradation of the oceans. Many
policy-makers and scientists now agree that we must adopt a radical
new approach to managing the seas - one that is precautionary in
nature and has protection of the whole marine ecosystem as its
primary objective. This 'ecosystem-based approach' is vital if we
are to ensure the health of our oceans for future generations.
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