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The first comprehensive history of how Jews became citizens in the
modern world For all their unquestionable importance, the Holocaust
and the founding of the State of Israel now loom so large in modern
Jewish history that we have mostly lost sight of the fact that they
are only part of-and indeed reactions to-the central event of that
history: emancipation. In this book, David Sorkin seeks to reorient
Jewish history by offering the first comprehensive account in any
language of the process by which Jews became citizens with civil
and political rights in the modern world. Ranging from the
mid-sixteenth century to the beginning of the twenty-first, Jewish
Emancipation tells the ongoing story of how Jews have gained, kept,
lost, and recovered rights in Europe, North Africa, the Middle
East, the United States, and Israel. Emancipation, Sorkin shows,
was not a one-time or linear event that began with the
Enlightenment or French Revolution and culminated with Jews'
acquisition of rights in Central Europe in 1867-71 or Russia in
1917. Rather, emancipation was and is a complex, multidirectional,
and ambiguous process characterized by deflections and reversals,
defeats and successes, triumphs and tragedies. For example,
American Jews mobilized twice for emancipation: in the nineteenth
century for political rights, and in the twentieth for lost civil
rights. Similarly, Israel itself has struggled from the start to
institute equality among its heterogeneous citizens. By telling the
story of this foundational but neglected event, Jewish Emancipation
reveals the lost contours of Jewish history over the past half
millennium.
The transformation of German Jewry from 1780 to 1840 exemplified a
twofold revolution: on one level, the end of the feudal status of
Jews as an autonomous community forced them to face a protracted
process of political emancipation, a far-reaching social
metamorphosis, and growing racial anti-Semitism; yet, on another
level, their encounter with the surrounding culture resulted in
their own intense cultural productivity. In this ground-breaking
study, David Sorkin argues that emancipation and encounter with
German culture and society led not to assimilation but to the
creation of a new Jewish identity and community--a true and vibrant
subculture that produced many of Judaism's modern movements and
fostered a pantheon of outstanding writers, artists, composers,
scientists, and academics. He contends that German-Jewish
subculture was based not, as widely believed, on nationalistic
(Jewish versus German) or religious (Jewish versus Christian)
disparities, but rather on the struggle for freedom and social
acceptance in German society. By studying German Jewry's cultural
history in its social and political context, as well as in the
larger setting of German history, this study firmly asserts that
the subculture both distinguished German Jewry from other European
Jewish communities and accounted for its members' prominent role in
Jewish and general culture.
The first comprehensive history of how Jews became citizens in the
modern world For all their unquestionable importance, the Holocaust
and the founding of the State of Israel now loom so large in modern
Jewish history that we have mostly lost sight of the fact that they
are only part of-and indeed reactions to-the central event of that
history: emancipation. In this book, David Sorkin seeks to reorient
Jewish history by offering the first comprehensive account in any
language of the process by which Jews became citizens with civil
and political rights in the modern world. Ranging from the
mid-sixteenth century to the beginning of the twenty-first, Jewish
Emancipation tells the ongoing story of how Jews have gained, kept,
lost, and recovered rights in Europe, North Africa, the Middle
East, the United States, and Israel. Emancipation, Sorkin shows,
was not a one-time or linear event that began with the
Enlightenment or French Revolution and culminated with Jews'
acquisition of rights in Central Europe in 1867-71 or Russia in
1917. Rather, emancipation was and is a complex, multidirectional,
and ambiguous process characterized by deflections and reversals,
defeats and successes, triumphs and tragedies. For example,
American Jews mobilized twice for emancipation: in the nineteenth
century for political rights, and in the twentieth for lost civil
rights. Similarly, Israel itself has struggled from the start to
institute equality among its heterogeneous citizens. By telling the
story of this foundational but neglected event, Jewish Emancipation
reveals the lost contours of Jewish history over the past half
millennium.
In intellectual and political culture today, the Enlightenment
is routinely celebrated as the starting point of modernity and
secular rationalism, or demonized as the source of a godless
liberalism in conflict with religious faith. In "The Religious
Enlightenment," David Sorkin alters our understanding by showing
that the Enlightenment, at its heart, was religious in nature.
Sorkin examines the lives and ideas of influential Protestant,
Jewish, and Catholic theologians of the Enlightenment, such as
William Warburton in England, Moses Mendelssohn in Prussia, and
Adrien Lamourette in France, among others. He demonstrates that, in
the century before the French Revolution, the major religions of
Europe gave rise to movements of renewal and reform that championed
such hallmark Enlightenment ideas as reasonableness and natural
religion, toleration and natural law. Calvinist enlightened
orthodoxy, Jewish Haskalah, and reform Catholicism, to name but
three such movements, were influential participants in the
eighteenth century's burgeoning public sphere and promoted a new
ideal of church-state relations. Sorkin shows how they pioneered a
religious Enlightenment that embraced the new science of Copernicus
and Newton and the philosophy of Descartes, Locke, and Christian
Wolff, uniting reason and revelation to renew faith and piety.
This book reveals how Enlightenment theologians refashioned
belief as a solution to the dogmatism and intolerance of previous
centuries. Read it and you will never view the Enlightenment the
same way.
The Oxford Handbook of Jewish Studies is part of a major new series
of Oxford Handbooks. The volume on Jewish Studies reflects the aim
of the series to produce distinctive and original surveys of
today's interests and directions in the Humanities and Social
Sciences. The Handbook covers all the main areas currently taught
and researched as part of Jewish Studies in universities in Europe,
the United States, and Israel. The span of the volume
chronologically and geographically is thus enormous, but all
contributors have in common their expertise in the study of the
history, literature, religion, and culture of the Jews. Jewish
Studies is a comparatively young discipline which has grown over
the past fifty years in a somewhat undisciplined way. In a period
of great upheaval for Jews following the Holocaust, the creation of
the State of Israel, the emergence of new forms of dialogue between
Jews and Christians, deepening divisions between secular and
religious Jews, and unprecedented assimilation by diaspora Jews to
the wider culture, the study of Jewish traditions and history has
rarely been dispassionate. This is a good time to examine where we
are and where the subject is going. There have been some attempts
in recent years to encapsulate current conclusions about particular
aspects of Jewish Studies, but these other works aim to provide
compendia of agreed facts rather than a survey of interests and
directions such as is found in the Oxford Handbook. The Handbook
begins with an examination of Jewish Studies as an academic
discipline in its own right. The first half of the volume is
organized chronologically, followed by sections on languages and
literature, general aspects of religion, and other branches of
Jewish Studies which have each accumulated a considerable corpus of
scholarship over the past half-century. This substantial volume of
c.400,000 words reflects the current state of scholarship as
analysed by an international team of experts in the different and
varied fields represented within contemporary Jewish Studies.
The Oxford Handbook of Jewish Studies is part of a major series of Oxford Handbooks. This substantial volume of c.400,000 words reflects the current state of scholarship as analysed by an international team of experts in the different and varied fields represented within contemporary Jewish Studies.
A patent is an exclusive right granted to an inventor in exchange
for the public disclosure of the invention. Patents include an
abstract describing the invention, often accompanied by line
drawings. Patents Coloring Book presents a selection of odd,
interesting, and otherwise notable patents issued by the U.S.
Patent and Trademark Office, accompanied by their abstracts and
brief commentary.
This volume, written by a range of scholars in history and
literature, offers a new understanding of one of the central
cultural and ideological movements among Jews in modern times.
Disengaging the Haskalah from the questions of modernization or
emancipation that have hitherto dominated the scholarship, the
contributors put the Haskalah under a microscope in order to
restore detail and texture to the individuals, ideas, and
activities that were its makers in the eighteenth and nineteenth
centuries. In particular, they replace simple dichotomies with
nuanced distinctions, presenting the relationship between
'tradition' and Haskalah as a spectrum of closely linked cultural
options rather than a fateful choice between old and new or good
and evil. The essays address major and minor figures; ask whether
there was such an entity as an 'early Haskalah', or a Haskalah
movement in England, look at key issues such as the relationship of
the Haskalah to Orthodoxy and hasidism, and also treat such
neglected subjects as the position of women. New Perspectives on
the Haskalah will interest all students of modern Jewish history,
literature, and culture. CONTRIBUTORS: Harris Bor, Edward Breuer,
Tova Cohen, Immanuel Etkes, Shmuel Feiner, Yehuda Friedlander,
David B. Ruderman, Joseph Salmon, Nancy Sinkoff, David Sorkin,
Shmuel Werses.
This study analyzes the transformation of German Jewry in the
period from 1780-1840 in order to explain why the nature of the
most visible Jewry in modern Europe remained essentially invisible
to its own members and to subsequent generations. German Jewry was
the most visible of the modern European Jewries because in its
history all of the hallmarks of modernity seemed to have converged
in their fullest and most volatile forms. The Transformation of
German Jewry 1780-1840 thoroughly explores this period of time when
large numbers of Jews were integrated into a non-Jewish society.
Sorkin examines the revolution of German Jewry through the study of
journals, sermons, novels, and theological popularizations that
constituted this new German-Jewish "public sphere." This study may
also be applied beyond the confines of Jewish history, for it is a
study in the afterlife of the German Enlightenment, the Aufklarung,
in the culture of liberalism.
First published in 1990 as From East and West, Profiles in
Diversity explores the momentous transformation in Europe from
1750-1870 looking at the lives of European Jews who experienced the
shift from segregation on the margins of early modern society to
integration in the modern nation state.
The contributors present the lives of men, women, and children,
Sephardim and Ashkenazim, rich and poor, urban and rural, educated
and unschooled, and examine a broad spectrum of social experience
and attitudes, including cultural outlook and ambition, marriage
and family life, occupations and residence.
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