The Tao Te Ching is a how-to guide for creating harmony in your life. It can transform you, heal you, make you into the person you were always meant to be by teaching you about your true nature. It describes a force called the Tao that operates uniformly throughout the universe and is the causal agent of everything that happens. This edition begins with a discussion on knowing the Tao. With this foundation, it goes on to discuss how to use the Tao to become more conscious, to cultivate yourself, to lead others, to influence group dynamics, and when to refrain from action. Central Idea A central idea in the Tao Te Ching is the importance of avoiding extremes and always seeking the middle path on our journey through life. The objective is to operate from the middle ground between the extremes. This avoids causing any counter-reactions to your own actions. The net effect is one of neutrality. Finding the middle path means not needing to suffer the consequences of an act. In terms of the doctrine of Karma, it means avoiding negative reactions, or bad karma. Harmony with the Tao means living so that we do not swing like a pendulum from one extreme to the other. In human terms this pendulum swing equates to drama, that which creates disturbances in our lives and gets in the way of calm inner reflection. The Tao Te Ching encourages us to sense the world around us directly and to contemplate our impressions deeply from a position of neutrality. It advises against relying on the structures and orthodox belief systems that have been created by others. Such ideologies remove us from a direct experience of life and effectively cut us off from our intuition. Finding and following the Middle Path requires you to develop an awareness of the physical forces that shape your world and direct its events. Such forces operate uniformly at all levels, from the macrocosm to the microcosm. They operate in the universe as a whole and in the minds and lives of individuals. An understanding of these natural laws and the forces they direct gives you the power to direct events in the world without resorting to force, by using attitude instead of action. Subtle influence is better than force Influence on others is achieved through guiding rather than ruling. The objective is always to avoid taking action that will elicit counter-reactions. In Nature, an excessive force in a particular direction tends to trigger the growth of an opposing force. Therefore the use of force cannot be the basis for establishing an enduring social condition. Accepting the inevitability of change When you come to know the Tao, you understand that everything in the universe is in a state of flux. The emotional and intellectual structures that you build for your comfort and security will be subject to change by external forces that are largely beyond our control. The challenge is to accept the inevitability of change. We should not waste our energies propping up what one day must surely fall, defending them against criticisms, and convincing others to believe so that they are recognized as permanent truth. Grasping the reality of the impermanence allows us to align ourselves with the forces of Nature that bring about incremental progress in the social and physical world. We learn to embrace change whenever it occurs. Becoming a force of Nature Our alignment with the forces in Nature makes us a part of those forces, gives us the momentum of those larger forces. Our perceptions become more finely tuned because they are now based on evolving reality, not upon orthodox thinking that may be out-of-date. We see the world as it is, not as we believe it should be. Finding and following the Middle Path is how to create peace and tranquility in your life. A person whose life is chaotic, lurching from one disaster to the next, is unable do much more than merely survive.

Do you enjoy a drink or two in the company of others, or does it go beyond that? Where do you draw the line between what is good for you and what might be doing you harm? It is not always easy to know. As a general guide, if you can stop after a couple of drinks, then you don't have a problem. But if you have difficulty stopping, when one drink is too many and twenty is not enough, then yes, maybe your drinking has moved into the red zone. This book shows you how to stay in the green zone by giving you strategies to limit consumption and advice on how to live life the fullest. Not everyone who drinks heavily is an alcoholic. Alcoholism, like dependence on any drug, has three clear characteristics; preoccupation with acquisition, compulsive use, narrowing of interests, denial, and relapse. If alcohol was all good, or all bad, it would be easy. We could simply declare it so. We all know water is good for you and you should drink plenty of it for good health. Likewise we know that cyanide will kill you stone dead in moments. No ambiguity with these substances. But it is more complicated with alcohol. In small amounts, it is not harmful; it can even be good for you. And because it feels good, it is easy to want more, and then some more. Long before you stop feeling like having more, a line is being crossed between what is doing you good and what is harming you. If we stopped wanting more when we actually cross that line, there would not be a problem. With small amounts of alcohol, you feel relaxed. Problems fade into the background, a bad mood is changed, a good mood is improved. Unfortunately though, like any drug, you develop a tolerance for it. Higher and higher doses are needed to get the same good feeling. Incidentally, the word alcohol comes from the Arabic 'al kohl' meaning 'the essence', perhaps a reference to the distillation process by which spirits are obtained.

Beginner's Guide to Boating is everything an absolute beginner needs to get out there on the water and start enjoying life far from the madding crowd, out where it is just you and the sea and sky. If you're planning on buying a boat or already have one that's not being used, it's time to learn how to use it. You can start this great learning journey by reading Beginner's Guide to Boating. Beginner's Guide to Boating is a simple and no-nonsense approach to recreational boating. It's a manual that you will find useful from start to finish. This book lets you in on the secrets to boating success. For starters, the book lays out the fundamentals of boating by discussing the general topics every boater needs to know. This book gives you the knowledge and motivation you need to finally get your boat out on the water. One of the first things discussed is how to buy a boat. There are many different kinds of boats, each used for a different activity. Knowing what type of boat you want depending on what you plan to use it for is the first step. Also, this book will give you the tips on how and where to buy a boat, including information on financing. Setting up your boat is also discussed in this book. There are many things to consider before getting your boat out on the water. Ensuring safety and having the right equipment on your boat are only a few things you'll need to do first. It's important to make sure you, your guests, and your boat are sea-ready. To cater to the many boating activities, Beginner's Guide to Boating goes into detail on boat types. You will learn what boats are used for each kind of recreation. If you're not sure on what type of boat you want, your search ends here. You will know what boat type is best for you.

The essence of longevity is harmony. It is bringing your inner world into harmony with your outer world, the microcosm with the macrocosm. Your inner world is a reflection of your outer world and the two should be as closely aligned as possible. The more conflict there is, the more stress and strain there is, and the shorter life tends to be. At the physical level, longevity is achieved by keeping your body flexible and in good working order. At the mental level it is keeping your mind clear and sharp, thinking creatively. At the spiritual level, it is being at peace with your world. Each of these levels is addressed in detail in this comprehensive how to guide. Secrets of a Long & Happy Life goes well beyond lifestyle advice for long life. It works on the assumption that quantity of life must also be accompanied by the highest possible quality of life. What is the point of living to 100 if you are miserable? Nursing homes and aged care facilities are filled with people who are kept alive through advances in medical science, but whose enjoyment of life is poor or non-existent. Do not let this happen to you. The Romans had a saying; 'mens sana in corpore sano'. It means a healthy mind in a healthy body. Mind and body depend upon each other, and both must be healthy. But having a healthy mind in a healthy body is the starting point. Secrets of a Long & Happy Life gives you detailed advice on how to achieve this, and does so in a culturally neutral way. Regardless of where you live, what cultural and religious traditions you observe, this advice will work for you because it operates at the level of underlying principle, not outward form. From here, it shows you how to become self-actualized (achieving your fullest potential), how to cultivate your intelligence well beyond its current level. Secrets of a Long & Happy Life does not shy away from the reality of death. Living in fear of dying erodes your enjoyment of life, so the book draws from ancient Buddhist wisdom about how to achieve enlightenment and what happens to your consciousness when your body dies. In short, it helps you understand how to have a good death at the end of a long and happy life. This could just be the most useful book you ever read. How this book is organized: Chapter 1: Lifestyle. Chapter 2: Stimulate your brain. Chapter 3: Self-Actualization. Chapter 4: Harmony with Nature. Chapter 5: Being Creative. Chapter 6: Enlightenment. Appendix A: Tips & Advice. Appendix B: Beating Addiction.

If you can observe your thoughts, who exactly is doing the observing? It is not the 'I' that has a name and a life history -- your egoic self. This simple question is at the centre of the great religions and spiritual traditions in the world. Mindfulness in the Buddhist tradition is one source of answers. Beyond the spiritual benefits, there are numerous health benefits for the mindfulness practitioner. At the physical level, mindfulness has been proven by recent research to help reduce stress, lower blood pressure, treat heart disease, reduce chronic pain, help you sleep soundly, alleviate gastro-intestinal problems to name a few. At the mental level, psychotherapists are using mindfulness as an effective therapy. It is showing good results in helping with depression, substance abuse, eating disorders, relationship conflicts, anxiety disorders, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. The techniques outlined in this concise, plain-language eBook are easy to understand. You have nothing lose and everything to gain by learning this ancient healing technique to help you towards a happier, healthier life. MINDFULNESS: A PRIMER It is surprising how many folks in the world around you are operating at a largely unconscious level, which is to say they are driven by habit and instinct; displaying the same stimulus-response behavior time after time. I am not suggesting that people are unconscious in the sense of being asleep. If they are driving cars and walking about, they have enough awareness to avoid accidents -- most of the time. They are unconscious in the sense that they allow their social conditioning and innate drives to determine how they live and act. When something happens, they react in their usual way without much awareness of what they are doing. This explains why people make the same mistakes over and over. In this habit-driven state, a person is unlikely to be aware of the web of cause and effect in the world around them. They are unaware of how their actions in the past have created their present circumstances, so they have little sense of control over their lives. Mindfulness changes all of that, allowing you to consciously choose your actions, moment by moment, in order to create the future you want. It confers on you that uniquely human privilege of free will; the ability to transcend the primitive instincts that still reside not very far below the surface of your otherwise civilized life. Mindfulness opens the door to higher consciousness. For the traveller on the spiritual path or simply someone who want a higher quality life, this eBook can help. YOU ARE NOT YOUR MIND Does this statement unsettle you? That the real you is not your mind is a spiritual truth expressed in many religions and traditions, in slightly differing terms. Your mind and the thoughts that run through it may seem to be everything, but it is not the totality of who you are -- far from it. There is a much greater reality beyond your mind that is waiting to be recognized. So, if you are not your mind, then who are you? Your consciousness has evolved as a survival mechanism. All living creatures have some degree of awareness of their surroundings, sufficient for their survival. We humans have a very highly developed mind, but it is still basically a survival mechanism that is dedicated to strategizing ways to stay alive The human mind is a product of millions of years of evolution. We could write volumes about how it all came about, but for the purposes of understanding mindfulness, let us just say that while we think of ourselves as an entity that exists in the world, with a name, a title, and a place in society, all of that is really no more than a stream of thoughts passing through.

The nautical world has a language of its own; a rich lexicon that is well worth knowing, as much for its colourful language as for its more practical aspects. You will notice that many expressions heard in common everyday use come from a nautical background. Expressions like 'loose cannon', and 'son of a gun' plus many more. If you are interested in boating and want to learn more about it, this book is for you. Knowing the language goes a long way.

Loneliness is a painful condition that afflicts everyone from time to time. It is a sad situation that in the modern world, loneliness is at epidemic proportions. Despite technology making it easier than ever to connect and communicate with people all over the world, never have so many people been so lonely. Being Alone is aimed directly at helping you to transform the experience of being alone from a negative to a positive one. If you already enjoy solitude, it can show you how to deepen the experience to be even more rewarding. If you are alone and not enjoying it, it shows you how to change your thinking so that you experience a rich inner life that is more than a substitute for the company of others. There are of course many reasons why people find themselves alone. It is unavoidable sometimes. Other times we are alone through choice or circumstance. This book is for everyone who is suffering from loneliness and would like to know how to feel better about being alone. Knowing how to turn loneliness into enjoyable solitude is something you can learn. This book takes a positive therapeutic approach to the treatment of loneliness. It does not give the standard advice of 'join community groups' and other motherhood suggestions, though this is good advice. This ground has been well covered already. Instead, we take the approach of helping you to understand the underlying nature of loneliness followed by a series of suggested ways that you can change your thinking around this whole area. At the risk of over-simplifying the situation, there is a dynamic tension within all of us. It is created by the competing needs for solitude on the one hand, and for company on the other. We all have these competing needs, though the degree differs between individuals. Sometimes we are able to get the balance just right. Other times not so much; we might feel the need to be alone when we in company and of course times when we are alone and crave company. We cannot change this aspect of human nature. It is hard-wired into us at a fundamental level. What we can do is learn live constructively with it. That is what this book aims to do, show you how to turn painful loneliness into enjoyable solitude. LONELINESS & SOLITUDE There is a world of difference between loneliness and solitude. Solitude is when you are alone, but not feeling lonely; not sad, not depressed. It is a positive state of mind in which you are experiencing some aspect of your inner life. This introspection can lead to intuitive insights about yourself or your life that can be very rewarding. Loneliness, on the other hand, is a state of painful social isolation in which you might want to be in the company of others, but for a variety of reasons are unable to. Remember, what you experience when you are by yourself is something you control, or at least have the capability to control once you learn how. It really depends on your attitude, on how you are thinking about the situation. As Shakespeare's Hamlet wisely observed; there is nothing either good or bad but thinking makes it so.

Assertiveness is a zone on the spectrum of human behaviour that lies between Passivity and Aggression. This book shows you how to find that sweet-spot, not always an easy thing to do in the ever more complex world of today. Being Assertive is fundamentally about rights; yours and those of others and finding a balance between them. An aggressive person violates the rights of others, while the passive person violates their own. The assertive person finds a win-win way to balance these sometimes competing interests. Learning to live in the zone of assertiveness has many benefits; your self-esteem will improve, the quality of your relationships with others will improve and deepen.

Strategic non-action is a powerful yet under-rated method of influencing worldly affairs. In cultures where action is favoured over inaction, like in the West, direct action is considered a virtue while inaction is little more than laziness or cowardice. Let us be more subtle and nuanced in our understanding. There is a time for both action and inaction. Non-action gives access to a deeper intuitive awareness than that gained through action, since knowledge that comes through action is obscured by situation-specific reactions. Non-action is an aspect of going with the flow, not resisting the larger forces that govern a world of which you are a small part. It acknowledges that events are governed by the laws of Nature, and it is often best to simply allow those laws to operate and play out in their own time, in their own way. Non-action can help us towards our goals by encouraging patience and taking the long-view. Humanistic Psychology says that it is within our reach to create the life we want for ourselves. As we think and believe, so we create our world. This is indeed true, but only up to a point. We can transform our lives in goal fulfilling ways, but the transformation is relatively slow, its progress measured in months and years.

The task of developing comprehensive Software Design Descriptions (SDDs) is greatly assisted by this book. Written for software development project managers and staff, it is basically a plain-English, simplified version of the IEEE Std 1016 Recommended Practice for Software Design Descriptions. While it infringes no copyright, it still embodies the essential detail of IEEE 1016. It describes the: - Software development context in which an SDD should be created, - Minimum requirements for SDD format and content and, - Qualities of a good SDD. Who is this document for? The SDD is created by the System Architect or designer and is the major deliverable from the detailed design process. What are the Prerequisites? The prerequisite document required for an SDD varies according to the size and complexity of the software product to be developed. For large systems the prerequisite is the System Architecture Specification. In this context the SDD represents a further refinement of the design entities described in the SAS. An SDD may provide descriptions of one or more design entities. For small systems, the SDD prerequisite is a Software Requirements Specification. In this context it is the single source of design solutions to problems stated in the SRS. Who uses the SDD? The SDD is the primary reference for code development. As such, it must contain all the information required by a programmer to write code. Contribution to IS Quality A structured and comprehensive approach to software design is known to be a major factor contributing to Information Systems Quality. Adequate design is however often not performed, contributing to a higher number of software defects which impact the real and perceived quality of the software, as well as leading to time and expense being spent on rework and higher maintenance costs. How to Write Software Design Descriptions is a plain-English, procedural guide to developing high quality SDDs that are both systematic and comprehensive. It contains detailed instructions and templates on the following test documentation.

While it is true that charisma is perceived as the result of certain outward behaviors, true charisma comes from deep within a person who is reaching their fullest potential as a human being. This heightened level of awareness has been called enlightenment, awakening, Satori and many other labels. But these have connotations of mysticism that people in the 21st century may be uncomfortable with. So let us call it self-actualization, the name given to it by humanistic psychologist Abraham Maslow. Charisma can be thought of as a subtle light that shines from within a person who is living their life to its fullest potential. People respond to this light and want it for themselves so they are drawn to that person as a leader. They perceive instinctively that here is someone who has reached an advanced state of self-realization and it is natural that they, the observer, should want that for themselves. It is after all a human need to become the fullest expression of your human potential. The qualities of a charismatic person can be summed up quite simply; they are positive (infectiously so), they see the potential in people and want to help them to achieve it, they envisage a bright future, and they are generous with their time and energies. While you might begin now to emulate these qualities, you should understand that they are a by-product of a larger process of personal development called self-actualization, a broad term covering many aspects of personality (this will be explored in detail in a later chapter). Being charismatic relies on a person having the emotional intelligence to know how to communicate with people at an emotional level, making a deep connection that is not possible at a purely rational level. Easier said than done, emotional intelligence is a difficult skill to master for people who operate principally in the intellectual zone. It involves understanding one's own emotions, how to harness them to solve problems, and how to manage and regulate one's emotions and those of others. In our evolutionary past, going back hundreds of thousands, even millions of years, our primate ancestors operated on the emotional level. Emotions are generated by parts of the brain that existed long before those areas that evolved more recently which allow us to think rationally. Perhaps this explains why we are so prone to being influenced by our emotions.

Happiness is an elusive quality for many people in today's complex, often stressful world. There is however a powerful but little known secret in the pursuit of happiness. It can take a moment to learn and a lifetime to perfect. It is simply this; to not mind what happens and not react. The key to not minding what happens is to learn the gentle art of not taking offence at the things that happen to you in the course of your daily life, and not reacting to the provocation. Seen from another angle, the idea is to have low expectations. In a world where many people grow up with a sense of entitlement, this is much easier said than done because we have base-lined our expectations at a high level. Adding to this is the commercial world that sets a high standard of customer service as the necessary price of selling you something ahead of their competitors. We all enjoy good customer service, and feel we have a right to it, but consider how this might be distorting your perception of reality. They are only being nice to you so you will give them some money. The world is really not that nice in actual fact. Some of the time, even most of the time, our high expectations are met. But there will always be times when they are not met, and then you will be offended and aggrieved and trouble will inevitably follow. How dare you treat me this way? On the other hand, when your expectations are low, you are seldom disappointed and often delighted. There is an enormous pay-off for people who manage to not take offence. Not only do they not go through life feeling angry and aggrieved, they start to see the world in a much more positive light. When you allow the world to be what it is without trying to change it, you access an enormous wealth of intuitive knowledge that you can enjoy and use to live a happy, harmonious life. This is strategic non-action, and it is a powerful yet under-rated method of living and being effective in the world. In cultures where action is favoured over inaction, like in many western countries, direct action is considered a virtue while inaction is little more than laziness or cowardice. There is an advantage in being more subtle and nuanced in our understanding. There is a time for both action and inaction. Non-action gives access to a deeper intuitive awareness than that gained through action, since knowledge that comes through action is obscured by situation-specific reactions. Settle in for the ride as I reveal to you the secret of strategic non-action in the pursuit of happiness.

I N T R O D U C T I O N Configuration management (CM) is the regulation of the way in which a software product evolves during the development and maintenance phases of the product lifecycle. It is the process by which the individual components of a software system are identified so that any changes to the configuration of these components can be systematically traced and therefore controlled throughout the complete span of the development cycle. CM thus forms the basis for product and project measurement. This How To Guide is based in large part on ANSI/IEEE 1042. S C O P E This How To Guide describes the application of configuration management (CM) principles to the management of software development projects. CM consists of two major aspects; planning and implementation. For those planning software configuration management activities, this standard provides guide-lines into the aspects which must be considered. For those implementing software configuration management disciplines can use the sample Configuration Management Plan attached. This How To Guide outlines the essential concepts of CM, including libraries and tools. O B J E C T I V E S To achieve the above, the objective of a project manager will be the identification and establishment of baselines; the review, approval, and control of changes to the project components; the tracking and reporting of such changes; the reviews of the evolving product; the control of documentation; and the control of the interfaces to the clients and supplier. However it should be noted that this How To Guide specifies the minimum requirements, and therefore the project manager has the option where required, to expand and supplement as necessary for the development of specific project activities. In specific terms, the objective of CM procedures are to provide methods for: - Version identification - Obtaining approval to implement a modification - Ensuring that modifications are correctly integrated through formal change control pro-cedures - Controlling the identification of development status - Ensuring that nonconforming software is identified and segregated Contribution to IS Quality. A structured and comprehensive approach to software design is known to be a major factor contributing to Information Systems Quality. Adequate configuration management is however often not performed, contributing to a higher number of software defects which impact the real and perceived quality of the software, as well as leading to time and expense being spent on rework and higher maintenance costs. How to Write Configuration Management Plans is a plain-English, procedural guide to developing CM Plans that are both systematic and comprehensive. It contains detailed instructions and templates.

I N T R O D U C T I O N How to Perform Software Metrics is a plain-english, simplified version of IEEE Std 1061 Standard for a Software Metrics Methodology. This how to guide defines the standard for software quality metrics methodology. It is meant for people involved with the purchase, development, use, assistance, maintenance or review of soft-ware. The standard is especially directed at those measuring or reviewing the quality of software. S C O P E How to Perform Software Metrics supplies a methodology for founding quality requirements and recognising, implementing, analysing and validating process and product software quality metrics. This methodology applies to all software at all stages of any software life-cycle structure. Sections 1 through 4 provide, scope, definitions, and background information which is the basis of this standard; all parts of Section 5 are compulsory. Appendices A through D are incorporated for illustrative and reference reasons only. This how to guide does not assign specific metrics. However, the appendices include models of metrics together with a finalised example of the use of this standard. O B J E C T I V E S The objectives of How to Perform Software Metrics are to provide definitive software metrics reference to the following categories of person: - Purchasing/project managers to identify, state and priori-tise the quality requirements for a system. - System developers to identify definite features that should be assembled into the software in order to meet the quality requirements. - Quality audit/assurance/control company and a system developer to review whether the quality requirements are being met. - System maintainers to aid in change management during product development. - User to help in distinguishing the quality requirements for a system Contribution to IS Quality. Software metrics form an indispensable part of any software process improvement program. Without the means to measure improvements (or otherwise) in software quality, it cannot be determined whether process improvement is being achieved. This how to guide is an valuable aid for project and quality managers to address the important process of keeping software metrics. It is is an easy to use checklist, as defined by IEEE Std 1061, and template to achieve this end.

I N T R O D U C T I O N How to Write Software Project Plans is a plain-english, simplified version of IEEE 1058 - Standard for Software Project Management Plans. The project plan documents the planning work necessary to conduct, track and report on the progress of a project. It contains a full description of how the work will be performed. The benefit of using this how to guide is the consistency of presentation, enabling management to assess the plans, for their merits or limitations, more readily. In particular this how to guide specifies the format and content for a project plan by defining the minimal set of elements that shall appear in all project plans (additional sections may be ap-pended as required). The project plan includes the: - scope and objectives of the project - deliverables the project will produce - process which shall be employed to produce those deliverables - time frame and milestones for the production of the deliverables - organisation and staffing which will be established - responsibilities of those involved - work steps to be undertaken - budget S C O P E How to Write Software Project Plans applies to the medium to large scale software development projects. O B J E C T I V E S How to Write Software Project Plans allows the project manager to: consider all relevant aspects of the project, ensuring they will be considered during the project planning stage produce project plans with consistent content and format clarify the objectives, deliverables and manner of execution of the project Contribution to IS Quality. The literature of software quality widely recognises that up to 70% of IT development projects fail (in terms of either not being completed, or completed but not used by the client due to it unsuitability). One of the major contributing factors to this alarming situation is that the project was not planned comprehensively enough. While it is not possible to foresee every misfortunes that might possibly befall a project, there are nonetheless a well-defined set of actions and attributes which if employed in the planning stage can result in all foreseeable matters being addressed. This how to guide is an easy to use checklist, as defined by IEEE 1058, and template to achieve this end. It embodies the principle of failing to plan is planning to fail.. In the same way as a systematic and comprehensive Statement of User Requirements can capture a more complete set of requirements, a project plan as provided by this how to guide allows the project manager to make sure he/she has considered all relevant matters in the planning stage, allowing them to avoid, as far as possible, unpleasant surprizes later.

I N T R O D U C T I O N How to Write Software Quality Management Plans is a plain-english, simplified version of IEEE 730 Standard for Software Quality Assurance Plans. This how to guide specifies the format and contents of a quality plan. It identifies the practices and processes to be applied during a project to ensure that the deliverables conform to the agreed requirements. It also identifies the quality objectives of the project, which are statements about measurable aspects of project and quality management. The quality plan includes the: - scope and objectives of the quality aspects of the project - quality deliverables that the project will produce - process by which those deliverables are produced - organisation and staffing which will perform the quality functions - responsibilities of those involved S C O P E How to Write Software Quality Management Plans applies to the medium to large scale software development projects. O B J E C T I V E S How to Write Software Quality Management Plans provides project and quality managers with a guide for the development of the quality plan. It addresses: - quality related aspects of the project to be considered during the planning stage of the project - the project's quality objectives, quality deliverables and how they are to be managed - the need for consistent content and format Contribution to IS Quality. As with the Project Plan, the literature of software quality recognises the importance of comprehensive planning for those aspects of a software development project that bear most closely upon its success. Given that up to 70% of IT development projects fail (in terms of either not being completed, or completed but not used by the client due to it unsuitability), due in part to inadequate planning and execution of the project, this how to guide is an valuable aid for project planners to address the important quality-related activities. It is is an easy to use checklist, as defined by IEEE 730, and template to achieve this end. In the same way as a systematic and comprehensive Statement of User Requirements can capture a more complete set of requirements, a project plan as provided by this how to guide allows the project manager to make sure he/she has considered all relevant quality matters in the planning stage, allowing them to avoid, as far as possible, unpleasant surprizes later.

I N T R O D U C T I O N How to Perform Reviews & Audits is a plain-english, simplified version of IEEE Std 1028-1988 - Standard for Software Reviews and Audits. This how to guide encompasses the range of review and audit activities undertaken during a project. Reviews and audits comprise the following five modules: Management review. The formal evaluation of a project level plan or project status relative to that plan by a designated review team. Technical review. The evaluation of specified software modules and documents aimed at ensuring that the software modules and documents comply with the applicable standards while conforming to the specifications. The tech-nical review may provide recommendations after the exami-nation of alternatives. Walkthrough. An evaluation process that can result in recommendations for improvement or identification of alternatives to the current software modules or documents being developed. Audit. Provide objective evidence of compliance of products and processes with standards, guidelines, specifications and procedures. Includes audits of the quality management system. Inspection. Rigorous formal evaluations designed to detect and identify defects in the reviewed material. Normally conducted after the event and initiated by persons outside of the project team. S C O P E How to Perform Reviews & Audits applies to all project documents, software conduct specific reviews or audits - that need is defined by the project and quality plans. Also applies to the audit of the quality management system. O B J E C T I V E S How to Perform Reviews & Audits provides definitions and uniform requirements to enable project staff to perform the necessary reviews and audits of products and processes. Contribution to IS Quality. An essential element in the development of project documentation is the verification and validation that their contents are true and accurate. It is recognised in the literature of software quality that the authors of documents and code inherently do not wish to find errors in their own work. They will often consciously or unconsciously overlook errors and inaccuracies. It is therefore not advisable to leave the review of project documentation to those who produce it. It is important for such checking to conducted in a consistent and systematic manner. If this is done, project documentation will serve the development process in the way in which they are intended. This how to guide is an valuable aid for project and quality managers to address the important process of performing reviews and audits. It is is an easy to use checklist, as defined by IEEE Std 1028, and template to achieve this end.