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This book provides a comprehensive overview of the medical and
operational management of blast and explosive incidents affecting
civilian populations. It incorporates global lessons learned from
first responders, emergency medicine providers, surgeons,
intensivists, and military specialists with deep experience in
handling blast injuries from point of injury through
rehabilitation. The book begins with background and introductory
information on blast physics, explosion types, frequency, and
perspectives from the military. This is followed by a section on
prehospital management focusing on medical and trauma responses,
triage, psychological consequences, and operational considerations.
It then examines the roles of the emergency department and ICU with
chapters on planning and training, surge capacity, resilience,
management of common injury types, contamination, and ventilator
strategies. The next section covers surgical treatment of a variety
of blast injuries such as thoracoabdominal, extremity and vascular,
and orthopedic injuries. The book then discusses medical treatment
of various injury patterns including lung, abdominal, extremity,
and traumatic brain injury. The final section of the book covers
post-hospital considerations such as rehabilitation, mental health,
and community resilience. Throughout, case studies of recent
incidents provide real-life examples of operational and medical
management. Operational and Medical Management of Explosive and
Blast Incidents is an essential resource for physicians and related
professionals, residents, nurses, and medical students in emergency
medicine, traumatic surgery, intensive care medicine, and public
health as well as civilian and military EMS providers.
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the medical and
operational management of blast and explosive incidents affecting
civilian populations. It incorporates global lessons learned from
first responders, emergency medicine providers, surgeons,
intensivists, and military specialists with deep experience in
handling blast injuries from point of injury through
rehabilitation. The book begins with background and introductory
information on blast physics, explosion types, frequency, and
perspectives from the military. This is followed by a section on
prehospital management focusing on medical and trauma responses,
triage, psychological consequences, and operational considerations.
It then examines the roles of the emergency department and ICU with
chapters on planning and training, surge capacity, resilience,
management of common injury types, contamination, and ventilator
strategies. The next section covers surgical treatment of a variety
of blast injuries such as thoracoabdominal, extremity and vascular,
and orthopedic injuries. The book then discusses medical treatment
of various injury patterns including lung, abdominal, extremity,
and traumatic brain injury. The final section of the book covers
post-hospital considerations such as rehabilitation, mental health,
and community resilience. Throughout, case studies of recent
incidents provide real-life examples of operational and medical
management. Operational and Medical Management of Explosive and
Blast Incidents is an essential resource for physicians and related
professionals, residents, nurses, and medical students in emergency
medicine, traumatic surgery, intensive care medicine, and public
health as well as civilian and military EMS providers.
This research advances a technique to simulate high
temperature/high speed effects in a high speed/low temperature
environment and to capture recession of the test article in
three-dimensions. A method of fabricating dry ice test articles was
developed, and the AFIT Mach 3 pressure-vacuum wind tunnel was used
in combination with the dry ice test articles to collect
three-dimensional ablation data for models of different shapes at
stagnation pressures ranging from approximately 0.4 atm to 3 atm
and stagnation temperatures equivalent to room temperature. High
speed Schlieren photography was used for visualization, and the
three dimensional shape change was quantified with sub-millimeter
accuracy using laser dot photogrammetry. Experimental results for
multiple shapes were compared to those computed using a
computational model called ACFD. The ACFD model employed a
finite-volume approach to solving the (3-D) Navier-Stokes equations
with the gas assumed to be at equilibrium while employing an
implicit solver accounting for the material response. By and large,
the computational approach was validated for the conditions tested
herein. Measurement of ablation rates at the stagnation point
yielded approximate values of convective heat transfer rate when
conduction through the solid is assumed negligible. The results of
this analysis compared favorably to a variety of extensions of the
Fay-Riddell correlation given in the literature. Paths for further
research were selected and discussed.
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