This book offers a concise but comprehensive introduction to desert ecology and adopts a strong evolutionary focus. As with other titles in the Biology of Habitats Series, the emphasis in the book is on the organisms that dominate this harsh environment, although theoretical and experimental aspects are also discussed. In this updated second edition, there is a greater focus on the effects of climate change and some of its likely effects on deserts, seeing desertification as among the most serious results of climate change, leading ultimately to the increasing size of arid and semi-arid regions. The Biology of Deserts Second Edition includes a wide range of ecological and evolutionary issues including morphological and physiological adaptations of desert plants and animals, species interactions, the importance of predation and parasitism, food webs, biodiversity, and conservation. It features a balance of plant and animal (both invertebrate and vertebrate) examples, and also emphasizes topical applied issues such as desertification and invasive species. The book concludes by considering the positive aspects of desert conservation. This accessible textbook is intended for senior undergraduate and graduate students, as well as professional ecologists, conservation practitioners, and resource managers working in the field of desert ecology.

This edited collection brings together leading academics in their respective fields to examine the European Union's impact on media and public policy. It provides an analysis of the broader areas of EU policy and links these together to give a greater appreciation of the nuances and scope of EU regulatory initiatives and their impact on the member states. Under a broad public interest perspective, the authors provide an assessment of the success of EU policy in protecting the public interest in the culture industries and respecting certain normative principles and balancing these with market dynamics.

This book is about literary representations of the both left- and right-wing Italian terrorism of the 1970s by contemporary Italian authors. In offering detailed analyses of the many contemporary novels that have terrorism in either their foreground or background, it offers a "take" on postmodern narrative practices that is alternative to and more positive than the highly critical assessment of Italian postmodernism that has characterized some sectors of current Italian literary criticism. It explores how contemporary Italian writers have developed narrative strategies that enable them to represent the fraught experience of Italian terrorism in the 1970s. In its conclusions, the book suggests that to meet the challenge of representation posed by terrorism fiction rather than fact is the writer's best friend and most effective tool.

The basis of this critical examination of Eliot's work, first published in 1973, is the investigation of his transmutation of this and other philosophical, mythological and religious motives into the textures of his verse. This book focuses on Eliot's peculiar eclectic approach to what he described as 'the Tradition'. It also recognises the fact that Eliot, for all his attempts at universality, was a product of time and place, and gives an account of the way in which his education and experience shaped his most important interests. This title will be of interest to students of literature.

Italian political terrorism of the 1970s has produced in its aftermath a rich body of memorial writing, created not only by victims or perpetrators but also by the secondary victims of violence, often children of the dead, who many years after their loss ask why their parents or relatives were chosen as targets, what it means for them personally and for the history of the Italian anni di piombo. This volume brings together a body of essays that explore this field of "postmemorial" writing, a field that extends the scope of memory studies, particularly in relation to political violence, and especially when those memories are fragile and indirect. The book analyses the work of victims' children such as Mario Calabresi, Benedetta Tobagi, Luca Tarantelli and Massimo Coco, exploring how these authors and others have narrated their unique experiences, from their distant memories of their fathers - each assassinated by different Italian terrorist groups - to their more recent struggles to deal with state institutions ill-equipped to respond to, or indifferent to, their plight. It further examines how their "postmemorial" works have contributed to a new relationship between history and personal memory in Italy. All of these writers, impelled by a sense of marginalization, frustration and sometimes anger to become actors and witnesses against their own will, have added their own indispensable tiles to the mosaic of a national and collective memory of the 1970s that is still largely unresolved in Italy today.

The significant changes that have swept the television industry over the last two decades, most notably a shift to deregulation in broadcast media, prompt a discussion on how to ensure that meaningful content is available to the viewer. "Television and Public Policy" analyzes the current state of television systems in a selected group of countries by exploring the political, economic, and technological factors that have shaped the sector in such a short span of time. Consequently, by positioning the television sector within issues of media policy and the regulatory framework, the book questions what these trends mean for television, and the historical, political, and cultural role in our societies.
" "
"Television and Public Policy" distinguishes itself in several ways:
*It is a global project in its comparative scope and subject area. Contributors represent countries including Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Egypt, India, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
*It is contemporary and filled with information largely absent in current literature.
*It offers original analysis of the contemporary television sector.
" "
This book speaks" "to a broad range of academics, postgraduate, and undergraduate students, and can serve as a key resource for courses ranging from media studies, to development studies, international relations, and law.

The significant changes that have swept the television industry over the last two decades, most notably a shift to deregulation in broadcast media, prompt a discussion on how to ensure that meaningful content is available to the viewer. "Television and Public Policy" analyzes the current state of television systems in a selected group of countries by exploring the political, economic, and technological factors that have shaped the sector in such a short span of time. Consequently, by positioning the television sector within issues of media policy and the regulatory framework, the book questions what these trends mean for television, and the historical, political, and cultural role in our societies.
" "
"Television and Public Policy" distinguishes itself in several ways:
*It is a global project in its comparative scope and subject area. Contributors represent countries including Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Egypt, India, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
*It is contemporary and filled with information largely absent in current literature.
*It offers original analysis of the contemporary television sector.
" "
This book speaks" "to a broad range of academics, postgraduate, and undergraduate students, and can serve as a key resource for courses ranging from media studies, to development studies, international relations, and law.

Tourism Routes and Trails plunges into the world of 'extended' tourism, offering an exploration of the 'routes' phenomenon whereby tourism is no longer for a given destination, but extends over multiple sites, a territory or landscape. Covering how such routes are created, often as ways of clustering experiences, it also reviews their effects on tourism businesses, local populations and other stakeholders. Emphasising the critical role of local communities, volunteers and small businesses, as well as those who provide strategic direction and funding, the book: - Is based in tourism theory, but focuses on the models and practice of route formation; - Includes a rich selection of contemporary examples and cases, showing the reader best practice as well as illustrating challenges and risks; - Covers both strategic issues of concern to nations, regions and local authorities, and the complex dynamics occurring on the ground, such as the role of grass-roots organisations and local communities. Routes allow destinations to diversify their offer and spread the economic and social benefits of tourism. With tourist behaviour increasingly shifting to thematic experiences, this book shows how to create these in a way that is both meaningful for visitors and beneficial for the destination. Suitable for tourism policy makers, economic development agencies and local stakeholders, it is also a vital resource for the next generation; students of tourism, sociology, local politics and economic development.

The clearest and sharpest recognition guide to over 500 invertebrate, vertebrate, and plant fossils from around the world. This comprehensive pocket guide is the perfect introduction to finding, identifying, and collecting fossils. It features more than 500 species of plant and animal fossils, from trilobites and megafauna to dinosaurs and ancient trees. This handbook cuts through the complicated identification process with expertly written and thoroughly vetted text that features precise description, enabling you to recognize a species instantly. Over 1,000 photographs, with illuminating annotations, help you to pick out a fossil's chief characteristics and distinguishing features, while a colour illustration shows the fossil as a living plant or animal. The detailed introduction explains what a fossil is and how they are classified. Start building your own collection with advice on where to look for fossils, what tools and safety equipment are needed for collecting, and how best to organize a fossil collection. To help you in the initial stages of identification, this book provides a visual identification key that makes it easy to recognize a fossil and place it in its correct group. Finally, a concise glossary gives instant understanding of technical and scientific terms.

Stuttering and Cluttering provides a clear, accessible and wide-ranging overview of both the theoretical and clinical aspects of two disorders of fluency: stuttering and cluttering. This edition remains loyal to the idea that stuttering and cluttering can best be understood by first considering various overarching frameworks which can then be expanded upon, and provides a clear position from which to disentangle the often complex interrelationships of these frameworks. The book is divided into two parts, the first of which mainly deals with theory and aetiology, while the second focuses on clinical aspects of assessment, diagnosis and treatment. The book also provides frequent references across Parts I and II to help link the various areas of investigation together. This revised edition of Stuttering and Cluttering reflects the major changes in thinking regarding both theory and therapy that have taken place since the publication of the first edition. As well as those who stutter and clutter, the book will be invaluable for speech language therapy/speech language pathology students, practicing clinicians, psychologists and linguists around the world.

This book is about literary representations of the both left- and right-wing Italian terrorism of the 1970s by contemporary Italian authors. In offering detailed analyses of the many contemporary novels that have terrorism in either their foreground or background, it offers a "take" on postmodern narrative practices that is alternative to and more positive than the highly critical assessment of Italian postmodernism that has characterized some sectors of current Italian literary criticism. It explores how contemporary Italian writers have developed narrative strategies that enable them to represent the fraught experience of Italian terrorism in the 1970s. In its conclusions, the book suggests that to meet the challenge of representation posed by terrorism fiction rather than fact is the writer's best friend and most effective tool.

Very few people are aware of the significant negative impact that cluttering -- a communication disorder that affects a person's ability to speak in a clear, concise and fluent manner -- can have on one's life educationally, socially and vocationally. Although different from stuttering, it is often related to this more well-known disorder. This book treats cluttering as a serious communication disorder in its own right, providing an in-depth examination of the critical factors surrounding its assessment, treatment and research. Using evidence-based data as well as information regarding the assessment and treatment of cluttering within the field of speech-language pathology, the volume includes the latest research findings and work from leading cluttering experts, worldwide. Current viewpoints regarding cluttering, along with substantiated evidence are provided. Research findings are presented regarding the nature and neurology of cluttering. A range of assessment and treatment methodologies are described in the context of disorders that may co-occur with cluttering, such as autism spectrum disorders, learning disabilities, Down syndrome and stuttering. Future directions with regards to the definition, teaching and researching of cluttering are also addressed. Clinicians, faculty members, researchers, students in the field of speech pathology, and those who clutter, alike, will find this book an essential and unique source of information on cluttering.

This comparative study brings together academics and practitioners who work in the field of media and elections to provide a set of national case studies and an analysis of the legal and regulatory frameworks that are employed by nation states to ensure that the media perform according to certain standards during election periods. In setting out the legal and regulatory framework each chapter provides an account of the socio-political conditions and media environment in each of the countries and subsequently details the laws that govern the print and broadcast media during election campaign periods. The countries included are France, Germany, Italy, Russia, South Africa, the United States, and the United Kingdom. A set of reflections by a Member of the European Parliament and a set of recommendations for good practice in media and elections are also included. Thus, the book is organized to provide a practical guide so that it can be used as a handbook.

The probation service has a pivotal role in interpreting the concept of justice and advancing the cause of justice through practical action. This task is increasingly challenging and with the Criminal Justice and Court Services Act 2000 establishing the National Probation Service of England and Wales in April 2001, this book is a timely account of how this task will manifest itself, written by experts closely involved in this world of change. The increasing public expectation and scrutiny focused on the whole area of probation, coupled with the ongoing plans of the Government to bring about consistent standards and practice means that this is an area that will only continue to change and grow over the comming years. The probation service has to locate itself in a changing landscape and formulate a mission appropriate to the 21st century. Here leading academics, policy makers, managers and practitioners have combined to put the spotlight on what contribution probation can make to public protection and social justice. Their efforts, culminating in this book, will help shape the new service and provide stimulus for critical debate of Justice and Rights - what role does probation have in the tensions between rights and responsibilities, between victims and offenders? Justice in Practice - how do competing demands affect day to day community supervision and What Works? Justice in Organisation - are the reforms of modernisation going to create a service that can deliver? It is of vital relevance to all who work in the probation world and to other criminal justice agencies and professionals.

Excellent social work education and training is vital for ensuring best practice, and it is important to understand the key approaches and methods in order to provide the best teaching and ensure effective learning. This volume provides an overview of social work education, including the background and current context. It covers the key debates surrounding social work education, such as the evaluation of social work education, the use of IT, research-mindedness, and the effectiveness of interdisciplinary education. The book also offers guidance on effective teaching and learning approaches tailored to the needs of social work educators, covering teaching within a higher education institution, on student practice placements, and in post-qualifying settings. This will be an indispensable text for educators and trainers in the field of social work.

Tourism Routes and Trails plunges into the world of 'extended' tourism, offering an exploration of the 'routes' phenomenon whereby tourism is no longer for a given destination, but extends over multiple sites, a territory or landscape. Covering how such routes are created, often as ways of clustering experiences, it also reviews their effects on tourism businesses, local populations and other stakeholders. Emphasising the critical role of local communities, volunteers and small businesses, as well as those who provide strategic direction and funding, the book: - Is based in tourism theory, but focuses on the models and practice of route formation; - Includes a rich selection of contemporary examples and cases, showing the reader best practice as well as illustrating challenges and risks; - Covers both strategic issues of concern to nations, regions and local authorities, and the complex dynamics occurring on the ground, such as the role of grass-roots organisations and local communities. Routes allow destinations to diversify their offer and spread the economic and social benefits of tourism. With tourist behaviour increasingly shifting to thematic experiences, this book shows how to create these in a way that is both meaningful for visitors and beneficial for the destination. Suitable for tourism policy makers, economic development agencies and local stakeholders, it is also a vital resource for the next generation; students of tourism, sociology, local politics and economic development.

This stimulating guide will help students and their teachers to achieve stylish performances of music of the Classical period. Individual chapters from leading experts focus on historical background, notation and interpretation, and sources and editions, presenting the latest thinking on performance in a clear, helpful and practical way. There are also dedicated chapters of specialist advice for keyboard, string and wind players, and singers, plus a recommended playlist of illustrative, authoritative recordings. Fully illustrated throughout with many music examples, facsimiles and pictures, this is a valuable resource for students of the Classical period which will also add to the knowledge and understanding of amateur and professional musicians.

The Settle & Carlisle railway over the roof of England is without doubt one of the most spectacular in the country. The author first found the line by cycling a 100-mile round trip from home. This and many more cycling adventures - including a day in Ais Gill signal box, a night at Garsdale troughs and exploring for the first time the line from Garsdale to Keighley - are all featured, as are trips to Alston, Kirkby Stephen East and Leeds. The weather always plays a part in any visit to the Settle & Carlisle and this book has it all! From warm sunny days to a cutting icy wind and snow, all were braved to record the final days of BR steam operation. On 11 August 1968, when the final BR steam train ran, all enthusiasts thought that was the end of main-line steam. However, preserved steam had already ventured over the Settle & Carlisle in 1967 - a fascinating period in history, now forgotten, where immaculate preserved locos worked alongside work-stained engines operated by British Railways. However, a BR steam ban brought this to an end. It is truly remarkable that the Settle & Carlisle line survived closure and, following the lifting of the steam ban, preserved steam engines have now battled to Ais Gill summit for the last 40 years. The author, like many other people, joined the steam preservation movement and this book includes his involvement with the overhaul and running of Blue Peter and high-speed runs to Ais Gill summit. A Passion for Steam on the Settle & Carlisle Line is therefore an incredible journey through time showing how steam operation on the route has changed, and written by someone who know the line so well.

The debate about the relationships among poverty, minorities and the inner city is rooted in evaluations of policies initiated decades ago but the issues of this debate have a much longer ancestry. In many respects the underlying arguments of this debate were formulated during the second quarter of the nineteenth century when the first wave of mass immigration from Europe exacerbated anxieties about the social order of the rapidly growing seaports of the north-eastern United States. This book examines, from an explicitly geographic perspective, the relationships between migrants and the inner city during the period of mass immigration to the United States from about 1840 until the introduction of immigration restriction in 1923 4. During this period, interpretations of poverty became part of a set of assumptions about the immigrant slums and the presumed deviance of their residents. At different times these assumptions implied varying degrees of environmental or cultural determinism, as well as complex reciprocal interaction between environment and culture.