India has moved along an impressive growth path over the last decade, marked with falling share of agriculture, stagnating manufacturing, expanding services segment, growing trade orientation, enhanced FDI inflows etc. The consequent growth implications are obvious as far as the numbers like GDP growth rate and Per Capita GDP trend are concerned, but how sustainable the associated development is with respect to resource management and environmental governance?

This book captures the economy-wide impacts of various activities on environment in India. The environmental impacts on water, air, soil quality and human health are captured through case studies from different parts of India. Analyzing separately the concern areas within agriculture (cultivation, aquaculture), manufacturing (industrial pollution, power generation), services (waste management, bio-medical waste, e-waste recycling) and external sector (agricultural trade, FDI inflow, trade in waste products) performance of India, the book attempts to find an answer to that crucial question. The methodology adopted to capture the environmental impacts of various economic activities is derived from the relevant branches like environmental economics, agricultural economics, and water resources economics. The book, focusing on particular sectors, indicates the concern areas and possible ways for enhancing environmental governance.

The book brings out an encyclopaedic picture of the potential areas of transformative Indian agriculture through innovations in science, technology, institutional and policy affairs directed in building a self-reliant India (Atmanirbhar Bharat). The book has addressed the challenges to make India free from hunger, poverty and undernutrition, and suggested interventions with focus on all-inclusiveness and sustainability, peace and prosperity, and resilience to climate and other volatilities. Most of these propositions are analogous to the Sustainable Development Goals - Agenda 2030, which India has committed to achieve. The book especially covers critical needs for development on different fragile ecosystems such as coastal, desert, hill, ravine and other marginal ecosystems. The book will act as very useful guidance for the policy makers, and development communities, and a reference document to academicians as well. Note: T&F does not sell or distribute the hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. This title is co-published with NIPA.

The economies located in East, South and Southeast Asia have witnessed an interesting growth-sustainability trade-off over the last decades. While growth considerations have paved ways for deepened ties with growing trade-investment waves and increasing population pressure necessitated exploitation of hitherto unutilized natural resources, focus on environmental sustainability has been a recent consideration. The growth impetus still playing a key role in these economies, it becomes imperative that the countries effectively address the key sustainability concerns, e.g. air and water pollution, land degradation, loss of biodiversity, climate change issues like CO2 emissions etc. But how prepared is the governance mechanism of these countries, covering not only the legislative and administrative framework but also involvement of the judiciary, presence of spirited civil society and active engagement of stakeholders in policy-framing dialogues, to rise up to these challenges? The book seeks an answer to this question through the environmental governance mechanism and natural resource conservation policies in three vibrant regions within Asia. A holistic development dimension of sustainable development path emerges, through discussion of policies adopted by developed (Japan, South Korea), upper-middle (China, Malaysia), developing (India, Indonesia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand) and least developed countries (Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal).

In an era of globalization, trade in goods and cross-border services and capital flows play a key role in determining the economic growth path of countries. Over the last two decades, countries have embarked on several alternate tracks to liberalize and deepen their linkage with the world economy. The growing trade-investment nexus and the emerging developments lead to deeper international production networks, rise in cross-border trade in services and in regional trade agreements and so on. The debate of whether it is possible to empirically validate the potential benefits of this deepening trade-investment linkage is ongoing. The evidence in literature is, however, ambiguous. This book contributes to the literature by looking at Asian economies and at the EU, Maghreb countries and Pacific Island economics. It examines the issues under four broad areas, namely: (1) trade: theoretical and policy issues, (2) factor flows: impact on trade and welfare, (3) impact of trade and factor flows on environment and (4) institutions, international trade and policy issues.

In an era of globalization, trade in goods and cross-border services and capital flows play a key role in determining the economic growth path of countries. Over the last two decades, countries have embarked on several alternate tracks to liberalize and deepen their linkage with the world economy. The growing trade-investment nexus and the emerging developments lead to deeper international production networks, rise in cross-border trade in services and in regional trade agreements and so on. The debate of whether it is possible to empirically validate the potential benefits of this deepening trade-investment linkage is ongoing. The evidence in literature is, however, ambiguous. This book contributes to the literature by looking at Asian economies and at the EU, Maghreb countries and Pacific Island economics. It examines the issues under four broad areas, namely: (1) trade: theoretical and policy issues, (2) factor flows: impact on trade and welfare, (3) impact of trade and factor flows on environment and (4) institutions, international trade and policy issues.

India has moved along an impressive growth path over the last decade, marked with falling share of agriculture, stagnating manufacturing, expanding services segment, growing trade orientation, enhanced FDI inflows etc. The consequent growth implications are obvious as far as the numbers like GDP growth rate and Per Capita GDP trend are concerned, but how sustainable the associated development is with respect to resource management and environmental governance? This book captures the economy-wide impacts of various activities on environment in India. The environmental impacts on water, air, soil quality and human health are captured through case studies from different parts of India. Analyzing separately the concern areas within agriculture (cultivation, aquaculture), manufacturing (industrial pollution, power generation), services (waste management, bio-medical waste, e-waste recycling) and external sector (agricultural trade, FDI inflow, trade in waste products) performance of India, the book attempts to find an answer to that crucial question. The methodology adopted to capture the environmental impacts of various economic activities is derived from the relevant branches like environmental economics, agricultural economics, and water resources economics. The book, focusing on particular sectors, indicates the concern areas and possible ways for enhancing environmental governance.

The economies located in East, South and Southeast Asia have witnessed an interesting growth-sustainability trade-off over the last decades. The forces of globalization and increasing population pressure necessitated exploitation of hitherto unutilized natural resources in several countries. Consequently, the concerns over air and water pollution, loss of biodiversity, climate change (e.g. CO2 emissions) etc. have emerged as major challenges.

The book analyzes the way in which environmental governance has evolved in leading Asian countries from three vibrant regions within Asia. The chapters included in the book attempts to understand the state of environment and environmental governance scenario in the selected countries in terms of their environmental management and natural recourse conservation policies, managing the impacts of growing urbanization and industrialization and climate change related concerns etc. The experience of countries included in the volume enables the reader to appreciate the holistic development dimension of sustainable development path, as policies adopted by both developed (Japan), developing (China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand) and least developed countries (Bangladesh, Nepal) has been covered. The final chapter attempts to synthesize the policy conclusions and recommendations of individual country chapters and tires to draw lessons for countries located in comparable development plane.

The chapters included in the current volume are contributed by leading academicians, researchers and practitioners involved in the applied aspects of environmental economics in Asian countries and elsewhere. The country experiences described here will provide academic and policy inputs for academicians, policy makers and members of civil society organisations in developing and less developed countries facing similar challenges.

Liberty Institute is an independent think tank dedicated to empowering the people by harnessing the power of the market. It seeks to build understanding and appreciation of the four institutional pillars of a free society - Individual Rights, Rule of law, Limited Government and Free Market. The Institute undertakes a number of activities, including research and advocacy on public policy issues. It organises conferences, and has a growing publications programme. At Present, the Institute's core areas of interest include development economics, education, environment, healthy, security, trade and encouraging citizen participation in the democratic process. The Institute was established in 1996 as a non-profit organisation. It solicits the support of all freedom loving individuals and organisations. It strives to retain its independence, demonstrate its commitment and live up to its moto: 'Where the mind is without fear'.

In a volume aimed at all social scientists, economists and lawyers come together in ""Beyond the Transitional Phase of the WTO: An Indian Perspective on Emerging Issues"" to discuss topics ranging from the International Trade in Services including Telecommunications, Transport, Education and E-commerce to questions of compatibility between Obligations towards Environmental Protection and Social Concerns codified in international treaties and protocols and an International Trade Regime that promotes free trade. The contributors discuss current problems that affect India's agriculture like SPS-TBT, and Agricultural Subsidies as well as the issue of Seed Protection and Genetically Modified Crops. The volume also looks at problems and prospects of Indian industry in the face of the MFA phase-out and TRIPS. This projective volume not only projects future problems that will rise as India enters into an increasing number of Regional Trading Arrangements but also grapples with legal problems like India's experiences where Dispute Resolution at the WTO are concerned. The volume concludes with a discussion on the Singapore Issues like Trade Facilitation, Government Procurement and Competition Policy. The volume not only discusses the importance of these issues to India as well as the current 'state of play' but suggests the appropriate positions for India to take on all these issues at the WTO negotiations and other fora if a Global Agreement on an issue is not probable.

Our project comprises of analysis of the existing algorithms for data compression so that we can utilize some features of these algorithms use them to build a more efficient algorithm. We have also considered detailed study to observe the efficiency of the algorithms for different document types with the intention of building a comprehensive data compression technique. We need to study and analyze all the algorithms separately to incorporate the positives from each of them and try to rectify the flaws that exist in these algorithms. For clear elucidation of the data compression concepts we try to discuss each standard algorithm in detail. There is a close connection between machine learning and compression: a system that predicts the posterior probabilities of a sequence given its entire history can be used for optimal data compression (by using arithmetic coding on the output distribution), while an optimal compressor can be used for prediction (by finding the symbol that compresses best, given the previous history). This equivalence has been used as justification for data compression as a benchmark for "general intelligence."

...It is a myth that the GATT/WTO system is only about free trade. Plenty of exemptions to free trade principles are permitted. The anti-dumping agreement is one such exemption. The GATT/WTO system does not prohibit dumping, defined as exporting a product at lower than its 'normal' value...and thus goes the Introduction (by Bibek Debroy) to this important volume on the subject. ""...Where do we go from where?...the Doha Development Agenda (DDA) contemplates nothing beyond clarifying and improving disciplines. There is consensus across all five papers that this is hardly enough. More substantial change is needed in the anti-dumping agreement. There is perhaps consensus across all five papers that the anti-dumping agreement needs to be dumped, although there is lack of precision about what should be done about Article VI in that eventuality. Given the political economy within the WTO, this first-best solution is unlikely to materialise. But as a second-best, there is enough ammunition in these five papers for the argument that one needs much more than mere clarification and improvement.

Notwithstanding the WTO objective, even eleven years after the inception of the multilateral body, the trade barriers, both in developed and developing countries are quite significant and unilateral liberalisation is not easily forthcoming. Although this lack of market access hurt the developing countries much more severely than their developed counterparts, the former group never systematically bargained at the negotiating table with the latter before the Doha Ministerial (2001). Looking at the negotiating strategies of India and several other WTO members over the years, the nine papers in this volume explore the current negotiating scenario and the concerns for India and other developing countries. While some papers attempt to chalk out the future of global free trade and the determinants of protectionism of major players, the other ones look into the future of India's sectoral negotiating strategy. The introduction notes that judging by the experience of Cancun (2003) and the recent Hong Kong Ministerial (2005), developing countries are fast emerging as quick learners of the rules of the game, but need to sharpen those skills further: ""It is quite prudent to understand that hidden from public glare, both the battle and the war will now continue in Geneva, which is less of a free trade bastion than Hong Kong. It is by now a time-honoured fact that the intensity of liberalisation undertaken at home makes handling the WTO-induced reforms easier, and the priorities for Indian policy makers are therefore, obvious.