This comprehensive textbook covers both classical and geometric aspects of optimization using methods, deterministic and stochastic in a single volume and in a language accessible to non-mathematicians. It will help serve as an ideal study material for senior undergraduate and graduate students in the fields of civil, mechanical, aerospace, electrical, electronics and communication engineering. The book: Derivative-based Methods of Optimization Direct Search Methods of Optimization Basics of Riemannian Differential Geometry Geometric methods of optimization using Riemannian Langevin Dynamics Stochastic Analysis on Manifolds and Geometric Optimization Methods This textbook comprehensively treats both classical and geometric optimization methods, including deterministic and stochastic (Monte Carlo) schemes. It offers an extensive coverage of important topics including derivative-based methods, penalty function methods, method of gradient projection, evolutionary methods, geometric search using Riemannian Langevin dynamics and stochastic dynamics on manifolds. The textbook is accompanied by online resources including MATLAB codes which are uploaded on our website. The textbook is primarily written for senior undergraduate and graduate students in all applied science and engineering disciplines and can be used as main or supplementary texts for courses on classical and geometric optimization.

India is heralded as the world's largest democracy. Yet, there is now growing alarm about its democratic health. To Kill a Democracy gets to the heart of the matter. Combining poignant life stories with sharp scholarly insight, it rejects the belief that India was once a beacon of democracy but is now being ruined by the destructive forces of Modi-style populism. The book details the much deeper historical roots of the present-day assaults on civil liberties and democratic institutions. Democracy, the authors also argue, is much more than elections and the separation of powers. It is a whole way of life lived in dignity, and that is why they pay special attention to the decaying social foundations of Indian democracy. In compelling fashion, the book describes daily struggles for survival and explains how lived social injustices and unfreedoms rob Indian elections of their meaning, while at the same time feeding the decadence and iron-fisted rule of its governing institutions. Much more than a book about India, To Kill A Democracy argues that what is happening in the country is globally important, and not just because every third person living in a democracy is an Indian. It shows that when democracies rack and ruin their social foundations, they don't just kill off the spirit and substance of democracy. They lay the foundations for despotism.

Traffic congestion has now become a serious problem particularly in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, because of the rapid socio-economic changes and increase in population. The city is expanding dynamically without any plan and control. Such rapid and uncontrolled development has created an unacceptable level of disparity in the transportation demand and supply scenario, which resulted in traffic congestion and environmental degradation. The study area, Mirpur Road, is one of the significant roads in transportation network of Dhaka city. Like other streets of Dhaka city, Mirpur Road is also congested. Over the decades many policy measures were taken to control and regulate the vehicular traffic movement and land use beside the Mirpur Road. But the policy measures were changed from time to time. In this research; land use survey, volume study, speed study and users' opinion survey have been conducted to understand the present situation of Mirpur Road. Moreover, the different policy measures have also been discussed in brief to realize the transportation system performance.