General The making and breaking of carbon-metal bonds is fundamental to all the p- cesses of organometallic chemistry and moreover plays a significant role in - mogeneous as well as heterogeneous catalysis. This rather blunt statement - phasises the extent to which a proper understanding of the structure, energetics and reactivity of C-M bonds is at the core of the discipline. In order to accept it, a proper definition of the terms involved is required. Quite simply we define the metal-carbon bond in its broadest sense to embrace carbon linked to transiti- metals, lanthanides and actinides, and main group metals. We do not dist- guish between formally covalent single or multiple bonding on the one hand and q-bonding on the other. In the studies to be described in the following chapters, the emphasis will be on transition metal complexes and insofar as the fun- mentals come under scrutiny, simple metal alkyls or related species (metal al- nyl, alkynyl, aryl, or allyl) will play an emphatic part. The central role of metal alkyls and their congeners and especially the role of their metal carbon linkage in homogeneous catalysis may be appreciated by considering some key reaction steps leading to their formation or breakdown. There follows a few prominent examples of transition metal mediated stoichiometric or catalytic processes: - In homogeneous hydrogenation of double bonds, the stepwise reaction of an q2-coordinated alkene with dihydrogen gives first an alkyl metal hydride, and then the decoordinated alkane by elimination.

Farming Systems Research has three core characteristics: it builds on systems thinking, it depends on the close collaboration between social and biophysical sciences, and it relies on participation to build co-learning processes. Farming Systems Research posits that to contribute towards sustainable rural development, both interdisciplinary collaborations and local actor engagement are needed. Together, they allow for changes in understanding and changes in practices. This book gives an overview of the insights generated in 20 years of Farming Systems Research. It retraces the emergence and development of Farming Systems Research in Europe, summarises the state-of-the-art for key areas, and provides an outlook on new explorations, especially those tackling the dynamic nature of farming systems and their interaction with the natural environment and the context of action.

Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

The DSL arena is expanding rapidly, making it highly unlikely that any single author can adequately address the breadth and depth of the subject. Responding to the demand of designers worldwide, Fundamentals of DSL Technology combines the strengths of the field's most renowned DSL experts, providing a foundation of all aspects of DSL system design. The volume begins with an introductory three-chapter examination of DSL copper transmission channels, reviewing the basic telephone environment, the physical-layer twisted pair, and the noise environment in the twisted pair channel. The book then explores line codes - laying the foundation for later chapters about other aspects of DSL design - and discusses the basic objectives of DSL service, comparing DSL to other broadband delivery methods. The book concludes with a description of other basic aspects of DSL transmission, covering topics such as trellis codes, Reed-Solomon codes and interleaving, turbo and LDPC codes, basic equalization theory, synchronization, and more.

At the code level, discrete-time chaotic systems can be used to generate spreading codes for DS-SS systems. At the signal level, continuous-time chaotic systems can be used to generate wideband carriers for digital modulation schemes.

The potential of chaos engineering is now recognized worldwide, with research groups actively pursuing the exploitation of chaotic phenomena in cryptography, spread spectrum communications, electromagnetic interference reduction, and many other applications. Although some noteworthy results have already been achieved, until now, the field has lacked both a systematic treatment of these developments and a careful, quantitative comparison of chaos-based and conventional techniques.

Chaotic Electronics in Telecommunications fills both of those needs. It addresses the use of chaos in digital communications applications, from the coding level to circuit design. Each chapter offers a formal exposition of the theoretical and engineering tools needed to apply chaos, followed by discussion of the algorithms and circuits needed to apply the theory to real-world communications systems.

The digital subscriber line (DSL) industry is expanding rapidly and a technology once thought to be only transitional will soon clear $100 billion in total annual service revenue. From the world's leading DSL experts, Implementation and Application of DSL Technologies builds upon the theory presented in "Fundamentals of DSL Technologies "to address issues fundamental to the success of DSL technology, including those that sustain DSL development, constraints, and challenges. This highly practical text peers into the blossoming sub-industries, all born of the DSL.

The editors lead with a discussion on splitter circuits and micro-filters and continue by addressing digital chipsets and the capabilities required to mix and match them with various other components. Since testing has become an industry in its own, several chapters describe the various types of testing necessary for service qualification, the evolution of testing and provisioning of services from plain old telephoneservice, loop qualification, and regulator's decree of spectrum management. The book gives adequate coverage of DSM technology and describes networks for multiple applications in video, telephony, and Internet data areas and the associated network architectures. In addition, a section on security discusses packet transfer mechanism and voice-over DSL.

Offering a vast array of information not currently in the public domain, Implementation and Application of DSL Technologies provides a rigorous survey of DSL applications that illustrates the profound effect this technology is having on the communications industry. When combined with "Fundamentals of DSL Technology," this is the most comprehensive andauthoritative source of information on DSL.

Farming Systems Research has three core characteristics: it builds on systems thinking, it depends on the close collaboration between social and biophysical sciences, and it relies on participation to build co-learning processes. Farming Systems Research posits that to contribute towards sustainable rural development, both interdisciplinary collaborations and local actor engagement are needed. Together, they allow for changes in understanding and changes in practices. This book gives an overview of the insights generated in 20 years of Farming Systems Research. It retraces the emergence and development of Farming Systems Research in Europe, summarises the state-of-the-art for key areas, and provides an outlook on new explorations, especially those tackling the dynamic nature of farming systems and their interaction with the natural environment and the context of action.

General The making and breaking of carbon-metal bonds is fundamental to all the p- cesses of organometallic chemistry and moreover plays a significant role in - mogeneous as well as heterogeneous catalysis. This rather blunt statement - phasises the extent to which a proper understanding of the structure, energetics and reactivity of C-M bonds is at the core of the discipline. In order to accept it, a proper definition of the terms involved is required. Quite simply we define the metal-carbon bond in its broadest sense to embrace carbon linked to transiti- metals, lanthanides and actinides, and main group metals. We do not dist- guish between formally covalent single or multiple bonding on the one hand and q-bonding on the other. In the studies to be described in the following chapters, the emphasis will be on transition metal complexes and insofar as the fun- mentals come under scrutiny, simple metal alkyls or related species (metal al- nyl, alkynyl, aryl, or allyl) will play an emphatic part. The central role of metal alkyls and their congeners and especially the role of their metal carbon linkage in homogeneous catalysis may be appreciated by considering some key reaction steps leading to their formation or breakdown. There follows a few prominent examples of transition metal mediated stoichiometric or catalytic processes: - In homogeneous hydrogenation of double bonds, the stepwise reaction of an q2-coordinated alkene with dihydrogen gives first an alkyl metal hydride, and then the decoordinated alkane by elimination.

Internationally renowned authors review recent advances in the understanding of the structure and reactivity of transition metal hydrides. This up-to-date analysis of transition metal hydrides examines the recent upsurge of experimental studies devoted to transition metal hydrides in both gas phase and solution. It also explores the recent emergence of new refinements in the methodologies and techniques used to delineate reaction mechanisms in solution.

Cet ouvrage est consacrA(c) aux points fixes d'applications diffA(c)rentiables, aux zA(c)ros de systA]mes non-linA(c)aires et A la mA(c)thode de Newton. Il s'adresse A des A(c)tudiants de mastA]re ou prA(c)parant l'agrA(c)gation de mathA(c)matique et A des chercheurs confirmA(c)s. La premiA]re partie est consacrA(c)e A la mA(c)thode des approximations successives et confronte un point de vue AsystA]mes dynamiquesA (thA(c)orA]mes de Grobman-Hartman, de la variA(c)tA(c) stable) A des exemples issus de l'analyse numA(c)rique. La seconde partie de cet ouvrage expose la mA(c)thode de Newton et ses dA(c)veloppements les plus rA(c)cents (thA(c)orie alpha de Smale, systA]mes sous ou sur-dA(c)terminA(c)s). Elle prA(c)sente une nouvelle approche de ce sujet et un ensemble de rA(c)sultats originaux publiA(c)s pour la premiA]re fois dans un ouvrage de langue franAaise.

This is an advanced text on fixed points, zeros of nonlinear systems and the Newton method. Its first part, devoted to fixed points, includes the Grobman-Hartman and the stable manifold theorems. The second part describes the Newton method from a modern point of view: Smale's alpha theory, underdetermined and overdetermined systems of equations. These results are illustrated by various examples from numerical analysis.

This volume is dedicated to Ciro Ciliberto on the occasion of his 70th birthday and contains refereed papers, offering an overview of important parts of current research in algebraic geometry and related research in the history of mathematics. It presents original research as well as surveys, both providing a valuable overview of the current state of the art of the covered topics and reflecting the versatility of the scientific interests of Ciro Ciliberto.

Les activites motrices impliquent l'organisation et le controle des composantes du corps en mouvement. Cet ouvrage presente divers travaux portant sur la dynamique de coordination chez l'homme. La coordination intra-membre apparait comme tres stable au point que sous l'effet de contraintes elle ne change pas de patron de coordination. En revanche, la coordination inter-membre, entre les ceintures pelvienne et scapulaire, apparait plus flexible face a l'absence de participation des bras et de changement de mode de deplacement permettant une meilleure adaptation. Enfin, face aux consequences des effets lies a la gravitation, la coordination entre les quatre membres deux a deux montre que si les principes directionnel et musculaire sont verifies, ils ne peuvent expliquer l'absence de patron preferentiel lorsque les membres sont soumis de facon symetrique aux effets gravitationnels. La precision et la stabilite de la coordination apparaissent identiques voire ameliorees lorsque les muscles agonistes et antagonistes sont sollicites de facon symetrique. Cet ouvrage s'adresse a toute personne interessee par la dynamique de coordination et plus generalement par la motricite humaine."