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This volume, the second in the Springer series Philosophy of Science in a European Perspective, contains selected papers from the workshops organised by the ESF Research Networking Programme PSE (The Philosophy of Science in a European Perspective) in 2009. Five general topics are addressed: 1. Formal Methods in the Philosophy of Science; 2. Philosophy of the Natural and Life Sciences; 3. Philosophy of the Cultural and Social Sciences; 4. Philosophy of the Physical Sciences; 5. History of the Philosophy of Science. This volume is accordingly divided in five sections, each section containing papers coming from the meetings focussing on one of these five themes. However, these sections are not completely independent and detached from each other. For example, an important connecting thread running through a substantial number of papers in this volume is the concept of probability: probability plays a central role in present-day discussions in formal epistemology, in the philosophy of the physical sciences, and in general methodological debates---it is central in discussions concerning explanation, prediction and confirmation. The volume thus also attempts to represent the intellectual exchange between the various fields in the philosophy of science that was central in the ESF workshops.
According to the modal interpretation, the standard mathematical framework of quantum mechanics specifies the physical magnitudes of a system, which have definite values. Probabilities are assigned to the possible values that these magnitudes may adopt. The interpretation is thus concerned with physical properties rather than with measurement results: it is a realistic interpretation (in the sense of scientific realism). One of the notable achievements of this interpretation is that it dissolves the notorious measurement problem. The papers collected here, together with the introduction and concluding critical appraisal, explain the various forms of the modal interpretation, survey its achievements, and discuss those problems that have yet to be solved. Audience: Philosophers of science, theoretical physicists, and graduate students in these disciplines.
According to the modal interpretation, the standard mathematical framework of quantum mechanics specifies the physical magnitudes of a system, which have definite values. Probabilities are assigned to the possible values that these magnitudes may adopt. The interpretation is thus concerned with physical properties rather than with measurement results: it is a realistic interpretation (in the sense of scientific realism). One of the notable achievements of this interpretation is that it dissolves the notorious measurement problem. The papers collected here, together with the introduction and concluding critical appraisal, explain the various forms of the modal interpretation, survey its achievements, and discuss those problems that have yet to be solved. Audience: Philosophers of science, theoretical physicists, and graduate students in these disciplines.
The sixteen papers collected in this volume are expanded and
revised versions of talks delivered at the Second International
Conference on the Ontology of Spacetime, organized by the
International Society for the Advanced Study of Spacetime (John
Earman, President) at Concordia University (Montreal) from 9 to 11
June 2006.
This book contains selected papers from the First International
Conference on the Ontology of Spacetime. Its fourteen chapters
address two main questions: first, what is the current status of
the substantivalism/relationalism debate, and second, what about
the prospects of presentism and becoming within present-day physics
and its philosophy? The overall tenor of the four chapters of the
book's first part is that the prospects of spacetime
substantivalism are bleak, although different possible positions
remain with respect to the ontological status of spacetime. Part II
and Part III of the book are devoted to presentism, eternalism, and
becoming, from two different perspectives. In the six chapters of
Part II it is argued, in different ways, that relativity theory
does not have essential consequences for these issues. It certainly
is true that the structure of time is different, according to
relativity theory, from the one in classical theory. But that does
not mean that a decision is forced between presentism and
eternalism, or that becoming has proved to be an impossible
concept. It may even be asked whether presentism and eternalism
really offer different ontological perspectives at all. The writers
of the last four chapters, in Part III, disagree. They argue that
relativity theory is incompatible with becoming and presentism.
Several of them come up with proposals to go beyond relativity, in
order to restore the prospects of presentism.
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