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This book introduces the reader to the relationship between the
Italian national movement, achieved by the Risorgimento, and the
Italian unification in 1860. These themes are discussed in detail
and related to the broader European theatre. Covering the literary,
cultural, religious and political history of the period, Beales and
Biagini show Italy struggled towards nation state status on all
fronts. The new edition has been thoroughly rewritten. It also
contains a number of new documents. In addition, all the most up to
date research of the last 20 years has been incorporated. The
Risorgimento and the Unification of Italy remains the major text on
nineteenth century Italy. The long introduction and useful
footnotes will be of real assistance to those interested in Italian
unification.
The first book to describe fully the foundations and development of
St John's College Cambridge, highlighting the role its alumni have
always played in the life of the nation. Within a generation of its
foundation on the site of a decayed hospital at the behest of Lady
Margaret Beaufort, England's queen mother, the College of St John
the Evangelist had established itself as one of the kingdom's
foremosteducational establishments: in the words of one notable
contemporary, as 'an university within it selfe' indeed. And in the
period thereafter - the years between 1511 and 1989, the period
covered by the present volume - St John's has continued to provide
its fair share of Prime Ministers and other politicians, bishops,
Nobel laureates, artists, writers, and sporting heroes, as well as
to irrigate the rich loam of the nation's history in all sorts of
other unexpected ways and places. However, not until the
organisation of the College's archives and records in the present
generation has it been possible to describe in sufficient detail
the full story of that progress and adequately to trace the
College's development and achievements in recent centuries. The
present history, the first since the early 1700s to provide a
systematic and informed account of the subject, seeks to make good
this historical defect. It is published as part of the celebration
of the quincentenary of the College's foundation.
This completely revised second edition of the leading History of mid-nineteenth century Italy introduces the relationship between the Italian national movement, the Risorgimento and the Italian unification, largely achieved in 1859-60. This theme is discussed in detail in the introduction and illustrated by documents, many of which have not been available in English hitherto.
The eighteenth century was a unique period of global and
fundamental change. Britain conquered India and much of America,
the American Revolution produced the USA, and Russia expanded
vastly. In the field of ideas the Scientific Revolution of the
seventeenth century was consolidated and followed by the
Enlightenment. Nationalism flourished, populations surged and the
Commercial and Industrial Revolutions with Western technology
eclipsed the East. Few centuries have inspired such a galaxy of
historians, and their groundbreaking work has been drawn upon by
Derek Beales in his collection of articles and special lectures. He
covers the whole European kaleidoscope but especially Joseph II and
the Habsburg monarchy, and sees Enlightened Despotism as the
embodiment of the century's revolution in ideas, policies,
government and administration.
This second and final volume of Derek Beales's magisterial
biography of the emperor Joseph II describes the period when he was
sole ruler of the Austrian monarchy. Influenced partly by
Enlightenment ideals, Joseph relaxed censorship, introduced
wide-ranging religious toleration and fostered a 'new Catholicism'
whilst Mozart's music, the greatest cultural achievement of his
reign, owed much to Joseph's patronage. He also abolished personal
serfdom and diminished the nobles' power, seeking to achieve full
personal control over all his provinces. Opposition became serious
when his hyperactive foreign policy landed him in war against the
Turks, and he died with his Belgian provinces in rebel hands and
Hungary threatened by revolt and invasion. Though these pressures
forced Joseph to withdraw some of his measures, Derek Beales argues
that he left an indelible mark on the history of all his lands,
which now form part of fifteen modern states.
This book contains essays within a common theme by a group of
distinguished historians (some of them acknowledged world leaders
in their fields) in honour of the just-retired Regius Professor of
Modern History at the University of Cambridge, whose contribution
to religion, education and history has been recognised by the award
of a knighthood and, more recently, by the Order of Merit. Their
common interest is the same one that has marked Professor
Chadwick's life and work: the centrality of religious history to
the history of Europe and, through that, to world history as a
whole.
In the Catholic countries of seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century Europe, communities of monks and nuns were growing in number and wealth. They constructed vast buildings, dominated education, and played a large part in the practice and patronage of learning, music, and the arts. This lavishly-illustrated book offers a unique, comparative description of these communities--their wealth, growth, life, and importance--and then explains their catastrophic decline and fall between 1650 and 1815 by reforming rulers, the 'Enlightenment', and the French Revolution. Derek Beales, Professor Emeritus of Modern History, Cambridge, is a Fellow of both the Royal Historical Society and the British Academy. He has published numerous historical monographs including a book on musical history entitled, Mozart and the Habsburgs (Reeding, 1993) as well as articles in the New York Review of Books and the Times Literary Supplement.
With the defeat of Napoleon at Waterloo in 1815, Britain was again
pre-eminent among the great powers, and was to remain so for the
next seventy years. Her colonial empire was far more extensive than
that of any other country; London was the financial capital of the
world; she had the largest navy and mercantile marine, the chief
share of the world's trade, the highest manufacturing production,
and the most progressive agriculture. From Castlereagh to Gladstone
is a fresh and stimulating appraisal of this brilliant period in
Britain's history. The age was characterized by an unprecedented
rate of change and by extraordinary achievements both at home and
abroad. Major legislative and institutional changes such as the
three Reform Bills, the establishment of trade unions, and the
Education Act of 1870 were enacted. Industrialization and
urbanization advanced rapidly. It was a period of remarkable
statesmen: Melbourne, Canning, Peel, Lord John Russell, Palmerston,
and Benjamin Disraeli. In each of the four sections of the book,
Professor Beales presents a succinct narrative of events followed
by discussion of particular topics, so that each aspect of the
period is set within a clear narrative framework. He traces the
main cultural trends and gives comprehensive coverage to all major
economic, social, and political developments, providing a balanced
survey of events in nineteenth-century Britain and the forces,
people, and ideas that shaped them.
This second and final volume of Derek Beales's magisterial
biography of the emperor Joseph II describes the period when he was
sole ruler of the Austrian monarchy. Influenced partly by
Enlightenment ideals, Joseph relaxed censorship, introduced
wide-ranging religious toleration and fostered a 'new Catholicism'
whilst Mozart's music, the greatest cultural achievement of his
reign, owed much to Joseph's patronage. He also abolished personal
serfdom and diminished the nobles' power, seeking to achieve full
personal control over all his provinces. Opposition became serious
when his hyperactive foreign policy landed him in war against the
Turks, and he died with his Belgian provinces in rebel hands and
Hungary threatened by revolt and invasion. Though these pressures
forced Joseph to withdraw some of his measures, Derek Beales argues
that he left an indelible mark on the history of all his lands,
which now form part of fifteen modern states.
The emperor Joseph II (1741-90) tried to carry through something
like a 'revolution from above' in the vast, varied, and mainly
backward provinces of the Austrian Monarchy. This volume carries
the story down to 1780. It describes the claustrophobic atmosphere,
in which Joseph was trained to rule, his tragic marriages, and his
attempts after 1765 as co-regent with his formidable mother,
empress Maria Theresa, to dictate the domestic and foreign policy
of the monarchy. The author shows that previous historians have
been deceived by false sources and that the picture they have given
of the emperor, his strange character, his tempestuous relationship
with his mother, and his political aims, needs drastic revision.
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