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Life in rural communities is bound to change with historically
unprecedented speed in the coming decades. How will this change be
guided by local, national and global policies in order to enhance
the livelihoods of rural inhabitants and to overcome the growing
division of rural and urban areas? The contributions in this
publication, ranging from scientific papers to short reports from
practitioners, are grouped around 4 major themes: political and
institutional frameworks to foster rural development; natural
resources management; broadening the technological base of rural
economies; and improved linkages between urban and rural areas. The
overall message is unanimous: there is a promising future for the
rural areas worldwide if adequate policies can be enforced and more
efficient and fair institutions can be created.
Over the past decade the importance of natural resources for
sustainable agricultural development has been increasingly
discussed at international forums and conferences. Aside from the
sustainable management of soil, water, and air, it now seems to be
accepted that the sustainable management of genetic resources is
one of the four indispensable preconditions for a sustainable
agriculture. The discussion on conservation of plant genetic
resources for food and agriculture (PGRFA), however, has to reflect
the costs of conservation as well. These have not yet been
discussed intensively. The study analyzes the conservation costs of
plant genetic resources; it also assesses the effectiveness of
conservation and the efficiency of the different conservation
instruments. It is based on extensive surveys in relevant
countries. Following the detailed cost and impact analysis, the
results show that the effectiveness of conservation strategies may
be increased.
The book reflects the work in progress regarding the analysis of
the costs of crop genetic resources conservation that has been
conducted at various research insti tutes over the last couple of
years, including research conducted at ZEF and asso ciated
institutes. In addition, contributions in this publication were
presented at a special session during the "Global Dialogue: The
Role of the Village in the 2]'1 Century: Crops, Jobs and
Livelihood" in Hannover, Germany, at the World Exposition in Au
gust 2000. The purpose of the publication is to make a general
contribution to the ongoing discussion about the conservation of
crop genetic resources as part of the global strategy to secure
increasing food production in a sustainable way. Specifically, it
discusses the costs of the worldwide efforts to conserve crop
genetic resources on the basis of theoretical and applied studies.
It aims to serve decision-makers at dif ferent levels with
information on the costs involved in the conservation of genetic
resources and hence to increase the awareness of the importance of
improving the cost effectiveness of different conservation methods
in order to optimize the sus tainability of conservation. The
quoted Leipzig Declaration, which was adopted at the Fourth
International Technical Conference on Plant Genetic Resources in
Leipzig in June 1996, dem onstrates the close linkage of the
contributions to the ongoing discussion about the implementation of
the Global Plan of Actionfor the Conservation and Sustainable Utili
zation of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture."
The book deals with the economics of conservation of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture in low income countries. This is done by developing concepts and discussing case studies. Only discussing the issues of access to and benefit sharing of plant genetic resources, unfortunately public discussion has neglected the serious problem of financing the conservation efforts because to date the issues of access to and benefit sharing of plant genetic resources have merely been discussed. The global situation of the conserved genetic resources is alarming, mainly due to the fact that the institutes, above all those in developing countries, do not have enough financial resources. Hence, it is imperative that the costs are taken into consideration. The contributions are grouped around theoretical approaches and empirical studies. The estimation of conservation costs help to allocate the appropriate financial assistance to the relevant countries for conserving their natural resources and assist in rationing scarce resources among competing crops which need to be covered under the conservation programmes.
Over the past decade the importance of natural resources for
sustainable agricultural development has been increasingly
discussed at international forums and conferences. Aside from the
sustainable management of soil, water, and air, it now seems to be
accepted that the sustainable management of genetic resources is
one of the four indispensable preconditions for a sustainable
agriculture. The discussion on conservation of plant genetic
resources for food and agriculture (PGRFA), however, has to reflect
the costs of conservation as well. These have not yet been
discussed intensively. The study analyzes the conservation costs of
plant genetic resources; it also assesses the effectiveness of
conservation and the efficiency of the different conservation
instruments. It is based on extensive surveys in relevant
countries. Following the detailed cost and impact analysis, the
results show that the effectiveness of conservation strategies may
be increased.
Life in rural communities is bound to change with historically unprecedented speed in the coming decades. How will this change be guided by local, national and global policies in order to enhance the livelihoods of rural inhabitants and to overcome the growing division of rural and urban areas? The contributions in this publication, ranging from scientific papers to short reports from practitioners, are grouped around 4 major themes: political and institutional frameworks to foster rural development; natural resources management; broadening the technological base of rural economies; and improved linkages between urban and rural areas. The overall message is unanimous: there is a promising future for the rural areas worldwide if adequate policies can be enforced and more efficient and fair institutions can be created. A 30-min video, attached as a CD-ROM, can be used to foster the dialogue and to reflect the multi-dimensional approach taken.
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