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The second edition of this book presents the fundamentals of
chemistry in light of their importance for the environment and
environmental processes. The new edition includes updated
references and a more practical approach to the topic. The
comprehensive discussion is structured in three parts: introducing
the theory of physical chemistry, evaluating elements and
compounds, and presenting principles of environmental chemistry.
The work in your hand contains three main chapters, covering the
chemistry of the condensed phase in the atmosphere, first, the
different forms of atmospheric waters (precipitation, fog and
clouds, dew), and secondly dust, now mostly termed particulate
matter and, more scientifically, atmospheric aerosol. A third
section treats the gases in the atmosphere. An introductory chapter
covers the roots of the term atmospheric chemistry in its relations
to chemistry in general and biogeochemistry as the chemistry of the
climate system. Furthermore, a brief overview of understanding
chemical reactions in aqueous and gaseous phase is given. It is my
aim to pay respect to all persons who studied the substances in the
air, to those who made small, and to them who made giant
contributions for the progress in atmospheric science. I'm not a
historian who is able to present the past from a true perspective
of their time - this also would not be my aim. If possible,
however, I try to interpret the past - almost limited to
experimental fi ndings in the nineteenth century - through current
values, without dismissal of the problems and ideas of earlier
scientists. In this way it is possible to draw some ideas on the
historical chemical state of the air. Hence, I name this voyage
critical. However, nowhere in this book it is my attention to
express my criticism to colleagues and scientifi c ancestors. Great
scientists too were subject to errors; doing science consists from
the permanent loop observation, interpretation, conclusion, and
again testing against new observation. If this volume can
contribute more than to be "a nice story" on atmospheric chemistry,
then hopefully it inspires the reader to more critical reading of
scientifi c publications, and, not to forget the older one.
Climate change is a major challenge facing modern society. The
chemistry of air and its influence on the climate system forms the
main focus of this book. Vol. 2 of Chemistry of the Climate System
takes a problem-based approach to presenting global atmospheric
processes, evaluating the effects of changing air compositions as
well as possibilities for interference with these processes through
the use of chemistry.
Climate change is a major challenge facing the modern world. The
chemistry of air and it's influence on the climate system forms the
main focus of this monograph. The book presents a problem-based
approach to presenting global atmospheric processes, evaluating the
effects of changing air composition as well as possibilities for
interference within these processes and indicates ways for solving
the problem of climate change through chemistry.
Climate change is a major challenge facing the modern world. The
chemistry of air and it's influence on the climate system forms the
main focus of this monograph. The book presents a problem-based
approach to presenting global atmospheric processes, evaluating the
effects of changing air composition as well as possibilities for
interference within these processes and indicates ways for solving
the problem of climate change through chemistry. The new edition
includes innovations and latest research results.
This is an extended version of lectures that were held at the
summer workshop Atmosphiirische Umweltforschung im Spannungsfeld
zwischen Technik und Natur (At mospheric Environmental Research
between Technology and Nature) at the Techni 16, 1996. We were very
happy to have Paul J. Crutzen, cal University in Cottbus on July
winner of the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1995, presenting the key
lecture on glo bally changing chemistry in the atmosphere. Over the
last decades, atmospheric chem istry has been established step by
step, not just as an applied discipline of chemistry, but also as a
key discipline for our understanding of air pollution,
biogeochemical cycling, and climactic processes as well. In fact,
the new definition of meteorology as the science of physics and
chemistry of the atmosphere expresses this development very well.
The chemistry of the atmosphere is strongly influenced by
anthropogenic emissions, even on a global scale. As a result of
emissions and chemical reactions, the chemical composition of the
atmosphere influences the ecosystems directly via depo sition of
trace substances, and indirectly by changing the physical climate.
Therefore, in this book we combined state-of-the-art lectures
describing the physical and chemi cal status of the atmosphere and
selected issues representing the interface between atmosphere,
technology and nature. Oxidising capacity, heterogeneous processes
and acidity still remain as key issues in atmospheric chemistry,
even in regions where efficient air control measures have been
adopted resulting in reduction of primary atmospheric pollutants."
der Atomenergie nicht im Weg stehen wurde. Mehr als 50 Jahre nach
dem Einstieg in die Nutzung der Atomenergie kann die
Bundesregierung kein Endlager fur radioaktive Abfalle vorweisen.
Damit stellt sich die Frage nach den Versaumnissen der
Vergangenheit. Fur die Jahre 1955 bis 1979 wird untersucht, wie die
Endlagerungsfrage von Behoerden und Beratern wahrgenommen wurde.
Auswahl- und Durchsetzungsprozesse, Massnahmen und Motive werden
beleuchtet. Funktion und Eignung des zwischen 1967 und 1978
genutzten Salzbergwerks Asse II stehen dabei im Mittelpunkt. Trotz
zweifelhafter Langzeitsicherheit sollte die Grube als Endlager bis
zum Jahr 2000 dienen. Der Atomwirtschaft und den zoegernden
Energieversorgungsunternehmen konnte signalisiert werden, dass die
Endlagerungsfrage dem wirtschaftlichen Durchbruch der Atomenergie
nicht im Weg stehen wurde.
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