There are many mononuclear iron containing enzymes in nature that utilize molecular oxygen and transfer one or both oxygen atoms of O2 to substrates. These enzymes catalyze many processes including the biosynthesis of hormones, the metabolism of drugs, DNA and RNA base repair and, the biosynthesis of antibiotics. Therefore, mononuclear iron containing enzymes are important intermediates in bioprocesses and have great potential in the commercial biosynthesis of specific products since they often catalyze reactions regioselectively or stereospecifically. Understanding their mechanism and function is important and will assist in searches for commercial exploitation. In recent years, advances in experimental as well as theoretical methodologies have made it possible to study the mechanism and function of these enzymes and much information on their properties has been gained. This book highlighting recent developments in the field is, therefore, a timely addition to the literature and will interest a broad readership in the fields of biochemistry, inorganic chemistry and computational chemistry. The Editors, leaders in the field of nonheme and heme iron containing monoxygenases, have filled the book with topical review chapters by leaders in the various sub-disciplines.

Ion beams have been used for decades for characterizing and analyzing materials. Now energetic ion beams are providing ways to modify the materials in unprecedented ways. This book highlights the emergence of high-energy swift heavy ions as a tool for tailoring the properties of materials with nanoscale structures. Swift heavy ions interact with materials by exciting/ionizing electrons without directly moving the atoms. This opens a new horizon towards the 'so-called' soft engineering. The book discusses the ion beam technology emerging from the non-equilibrium conditions and emphasizes the power of controlled irradiation to tailor the properties of various types of materials for specific needs.

The book presents a detailed study of conformation and interactions in some mesogenic molecules. With help of computed pair potentials using multicentre multi pole interactions mesogenic properties were predicted. The role asymmetric pair potential for the mesogenic behavior is nicely explained. The relationship between smectic phases, nematic phases & Isotropic phases and mode of intermolecular interaction were explained based on computed data. A simple model to calculate nematic to isotropic transition temperature were presented and trend of even-odd effect in transition temperature explained using intermolecular interactions energies.

Materials with nanometric dimensions such as nanodots, nanowire, nanotubes, functional structures, multi-layers of low dimensions, have unique properties, which can be tuned by varying their size. Therefore they have tremendous potentials for applications in various fields. The understanding of the properties of these low dimension systems is equally interesting and challenging. This book reviews research on applications and theoretical modelling of ion beams in the field of nanotechnology.

Materials with nanometric dimensions such as nanodots, nanowire, nanotubes, functional structures, multi-layers of low dimensions, have unique properties, which can be tuned by varying their size. Therefore they have tremendous potentials for applications in various fields. The understanding of the properties of these low dimension systems is equally interesting and challenging. This book reviews research on applications and theoretical modelling of ion beams in the field of nanotechnology.