Chillies called red pepper is an important spice crop grown in many of the countries and commonly used in every diet.It is in the form of dried ripe fruits of pungent form of Capsicum annum L. is one of the most important cash crops and belongs to the Solanaceae family of plant kingdom. It is a self- pollinated bearing a pod like fruit(berry)and has pre-eminent position among the spices and is used as vegetables and spices, Fruits used in pickles, sauces, ketchups, chutneys and oleoresin. Chillies are also subjected to attack by many diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes and physiological disorders, which cause annual loss to the tune of 12 to 25 per cent of the total production & amongst the fungal diseases, the die-back and fruit rot caused by Colletotrichum capsici (Syd.) Butler and Bisby is the most serious one and contribute 32% losses. So, die-back and fruit rot caused by C. capsici (Syd.) Butler and Bisby is most economically important disease and have posed challenge to the farmers for its successful cultivation and ultimately to the plant pathologists. The book will be a worth while reference tool to assist students, professors, farmers& extension persona