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Open government data (OGD) has developed rapidly in recent years
due to various benefits that can be derived through transparency
and public access. However, researchers emphasize a lack of use
instead of lack of disclosure as a key problem in OGD's present
development. Previous studies have approached this issue either
from the supply-side, focusing on data quantity and quality, or
from the demand-side, focusing on factors that affect users'
acceptance of OGD, but seldom consider both sides at the same time.
This unique study compares the supply and demand sides of OGD and
explores possible directions for the future development of OGD
portals based on the discovered mismatches between the two. The
authors improve OGD utilization by balancing the supply-side and
demand-side according to citizens' demands through OGD portals.
Based on the concept of an OGD ecosystem, four connected studies
are explored. The first study built an evaluation framework for
understanding the development of the OGD supply-side. The second
study focuses on a survey conducted to analyze the awareness and
utilization of OGD portals by citizens, who are the primary users
and major beneficiaries of OGD on the demand-side. A third study
compares the supply and demand sides based on Diffusion of
Innovation theory. A final study tests the proposed usability
criteria for building an OGD portal by carrying out a
between-subjects experiment including a virtual agent. Each case
study examines a unique aspect of OGD in China, and also offers
reflections on future directions for developing OGD. Providing a
unique and enhanced theoretical and practical understanding of OGD
and its usage, as well as proposing directions for OGD portals'
future development in order to encourage citizens' OGD utilization,
this is a must-read for researchers and policymakers examining the
impact and possibilities of OGD.
In 1939, residents of a rural village near Chengdu watched as Lei
Mingyuan, a member of a violent secret society known as the Gowned
Brothers, executed his teenage daughter. Six years later, Shen
Baoyuan, a sociology student at Yenching University, arrived in the
town to conduct fieldwork on the society that once held sway over
local matters. She got to know Lei Mingyuan and his family,
recording many rare insights about the murder and the Gowned
Brothers' inner workings. Using the filicide as a starting point to
examine the history, culture, and organization of the Gowned
Brothers, Di Wang offers nuanced insights into the structures of
local power in 1940s rural Sichuan. Moreover, he examines the
influence of Western sociology and anthropology on the way
intellectuals in the Republic of China perceived rural communities.
By studying the complex relationship between the Gowned Brothers
and the Chinese Communist Party, he offers a unique perspective on
China's transition to socialism. In so doing, Wang persuasively
connects a family in a rural community, with little overt influence
on national destiny, to the movements and ideologies that helped
shape contemporary China.
This is the first book-length history of Chinese teahouses in the
English-speaking world or in China. "The Teahouse" examines
economic, social, political, and cultural changes as funneled
through the teahouses of Chengdu during the first half of the
twentieth century. The images brought together in this work paint a
complete picture of everyday culture in the most basic unit of
public life. This microhistorical examination of the teahouse and
public life takes us into the heart of a city to explore urban
society in depth, and provides a new way to look at the Chinese
city and at daily life.
Winner of the Urban History Association's 2005 Best Book in
Non-North American Urban History Award.
In traditional Chinese cities, a lively street culture was an
important part of popular culture, and street life was central to
the daily lives of city dwellers, especially the lower classes.
This book examines street culture in Chengdu, an under-studied
inland city, during the transformative decades between 1870 and
1930, in order to explore various topics: the relationship between
urban commoners and public space; the role that community and
neighborhood played in public life; how the reform movement and the
Republican revolution changed everyday life; and how popular
culture and local politics interacted. Drawing on a rich array of
Chinese and Western sources--including archives, local newspapers,
gazetteers, personal records, folk literature, and field
investigation--the author argues that life in public spaces was
radically transformed in Chengdu during these eventful years.
This is the first book-length history of Chinese teahouses in
either the English-speaking world or in China, examining economic,
social, political, and cultural changes as funneled through the
teahouses of Chengdu during the first half of the twentieth
century. The images that are brought together in this work paint a
complete picture of everyday culture in the most basic unit of
public life. This examination of the teahouse and public life from
the perspective of microhistory takes us into the depths of a city
to explore urban society in depth and provides a new way to look at
the Chinese city and at everyday culture.
In 1939, residents of a rural village near Chengdu watched as Lei
Mingyuan, a member of a violent secret society known as the Gowned
Brothers, executed his teenage daughter. Six years later, Shen
Baoyuan, a sociology student at Yenching University, arrived in the
town to conduct fieldwork on the society that once held sway over
local matters. She got to know Lei Mingyuan and his family,
recording many rare insights about the murder and the Gowned
Brothers' inner workings. Using the filicide as a starting point to
examine the history, culture, and organization of the Gowned
Brothers, Di Wang offers nuanced insights into the structures of
local power in 1940s rural Sichuan. Moreover, he examines the
influence of Western sociology and anthropology on the way
intellectuals in the Republic of China perceived rural communities.
By studying the complex relationship between the Gowned Brothers
and the Chinese Communist Party, he offers a unique perspective on
China's transition to socialism. In so doing, Wang persuasively
connects a family in a rural community, with little overt influence
on national destiny, to the movements and ideologies that helped
shape contemporary China.
This book presents the work of the RILEM TC 279-WMR, whose purpose
was to facilitate the use of waste, marginal and secondary
materials for roads by investigating the performance of road
materials containing waste through round robin tests and the
development of standard procedures for their selection,
preparation, and use. The structure of this book includes an
introduction, five technical chapters, and a conclusion. The topics
addressed are: the use of asphalt binder additives such as plastic
and rubber; the combined use of aggregate and filler substitute in
paving mixtures (construction demolition waste, rubber, and steel
slags); the environmental assessment and the potential sources of
pollutants originated from the use of this recycled materials.
In traditional Chinese cities, a lively street culture was an
important part of popular culture, and street life was central to
the daily lives of city dwellers, especially the lower classes. By
examining street culture in Chengdu, an under-studied inland city,
during the transformative decades between 1870 and 1930, this book
explores the relationship between urban commoners and public space,
the role that community and neighborhood played in public life, how
the reform movement and Republican revolution changed everyday
life, and how popular culture and local politics interacted. local
newspapers, personal records, folk literature and field
investigation - the author argues that life in public spaces was
radically transformed in Chengdu in the early 20th century, and
that this resulted in the reconstruction of urban public space, the
recreation of people's public roles, and the redefinition of the
relations between ordinary people, local elites and the state. The
author thus opens a new way of understanding Chinese urban society
and culture during these transformative years.
To understand a city fully, writes Di Wang, we must observe its
most basic units of social life. In The Teahouse under Socialism,
Wang does just that, arguing that the teahouses of Chengdu, the
capital of Sichuan Province, are some of the most important public
spaces—perfect sites for examining the social and economic
activities of everyday Chinese. Wang looks at the transformation of
these teahouses from private businesses to collective ownership and
how state policy and the proprietors’ response to it changed the
overall economic and social structure of the city. He uses this
transformation to illuminate broader trends in China’s urban
public life from 1950 through the end of the Cultural Revolution
and into the post-Mao reform era. In doing so, The Teahouse under
Socialism charts the fluctuations in fortune of this ancient
cultural institution and analyzes how it survived, and even
thrived, under bleak conditions. Throughout, Wang asks such
questions as: Why and how did state power intervene in the
operation of small businesses? How was "socialist entertainment"
established in a local society? How did the well-known waves of
political contestation and struggle in China change Chengdu’s
teahouses and public life? In the end, Wang argues, the answers to
such questions enhance our understanding of public life and
political culture in the Communist state.
To understand a city fully, writes Di Wang, we must observe its
most basic units of social life. In The Teahouse under Socialism,
Wang does just that, arguing that the teahouses of Chengdu, the
capital of Sichuan Province, are some of the most important public
spaces-perfect sites for examining the social and economic
activities of everyday Chinese. Wang looks at the transformation of
these teahouses from private businesses to collective ownership and
how state policy and the proprietors' response to it changed the
overall economic and social structure of the city. He uses this
transformation to illuminate broader trends in China's urban public
life from 1950 through the end of the Cultural Revolution and into
the post-Mao reform era. In doing so, The Teahouse under Socialism
charts the fluctuations in fortune of this ancient cultural
institution and analyzes how it survived, and even thrived, under
bleak conditions. Throughout, Wang asks such questions as: Why and
how did state power intervene in the operation of small businesses?
How was "socialist entertainment" established in a local society?
How did the well-known waves of political contestation and struggle
in China change Chengdu's teahouses and public life? In the end,
Wang argues, the answers to such questions enhance our
understanding of public life and political culture in the Communist
state.
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