Given the recent re-evaluation of research funding policy as an issue central to national governments and the EU, it is imperative that underlying rationales and channels for investment in research and development are examined. A pioneering analysis of the complexity, allocation and management of public funding of research, this Handbook explores the strategies whereby research can be successfully targeted and supported to resolve problems of broad public concern. Used effectively, the Handbook finds, research has the potential to support economic growth, create jobs, enhance social welfare, protect the environment and expand the frontiers of human knowledge. Taking a multi-level approach, chapters strategise ways to address various funding objectives through analysis of policy design, policy instruments, research organisations, and researchers, while remedying disparities resulting from the distribution of research funds. The Handbook's expansive scope, which covers variation in goals and instrument management over time and across countries, facilitates an approach that not only scrutinises existing paradigms of public research funding but also looks to the future. With authoritative analysis and theoretical frameworks by leading scholars, the Handbook employs an interdisciplinary approach that combines sociology of sciences, political sciences and economics. It will prove a useful resource for scholars and researchers in science policy studies, alongside policy analysts in ministries and research funding organisations seeking to better understand their working environment.

This exciting four-level course is packed with fun activities. Right from the start, children are fully involved in thinking for themselves, doing things themselves, and making things themselves. The topics in the Pupil's Books encourage children to think about the world around them and, at the higher levels, are linked to other subject areas in the school curriculum. This approach makes language learning more meaningful and memorable. Regular revision pages, and 'I can' sections in the Activity Books allow children to evaluate their own progress, giving them a real sense of achievement. The Songs and Stories Audio Cassette/CD can be used in the classroom or at home and is a fun way of providing extra practice. Delightfully illustrated Vocabulary Cards are also available to practise the target language. The Starter Level, for children in the early stages of literacy, provides a full year of work and focuses on listening and speaking. Level 1, which can also be used by complete beginners, is for children who are ready to deal with all four skills.