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It is an exciting time to consider changes in the field of
comparative-historical sociology, as the discipline seeks to
accommodate both old and new trends as well as the transforming
spatial scales in which political power and social theory are
increasingly embedded. Volume 20 of "Political Power and Social
Theory" starts the ball rolling by showcasing articles that pursue
similar themes. The question of what is old and what is new hovers
over most of the contributions, particularly the peer-reviewed
chapters in parts I and II, which consider such long-standing
socio-historical concerns as power structure theory, class-based
collective action, and empire - but examine them through new
conceptual, methodological, and historical lenses. This year's
volume also offers a critical treatment of the spatial or
territorial dynamics of state hegemony, class power, ideologies of
governance, and citizenship - with the latter theme most well
developed in debate over the new geographies of citizenship in the
Scholarly Controversy Section as well as in part-II's guest-edited
section on Empire and Colonialism.
Volume 18 of the popular "Political Power and Social Theory" series
is broken up into three parts examining political power, state
formation, and economic development with examples from Africa,
Russia, and Chile. It also looks at the status of opposition
politics in America. It is suitable for graduate students and
researchers in the field of political science and social theory.
Part I examines political power, state formation, and economic
development with examples from Africa, Russia, and Chile. Part II
looks at the history and current status of opposition politics in
America. Part III discusses scholarly controversy within the
discipline with some of the field's leading thinkers authoring
chapters. With its international scope, this volume is a valuable
reference for graduate students and researchers in the field of
political science and social theory.
According to media reports, Latin America is one of the most
violent regions in the world - a distinction it held throughout the
twentieth century. The authors of Violence and Crime in Latin
America contend that perceptions and representations of violence
and crime directly impact such behaviors, creating profound
consequences for the political and social fabric of Latin American
nations. Written by distinguished scholars of Latin American
history, sociology, anthropology, and political science, the essays
in this volume range from Mexico and Argentina to Colombia and
Brazil in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, addressing such
issues as extralegal violence in Mexico, the myth of indigenous
criminality in Guatemala, and governments' selective blindness to
violent crime in Brazil and Jamaica. The authors in this collection
examine not only the social construction and political visibility
of violence and crime in Latin America, but the justifications for
them as well. Analytically and historically, these essays show how
Latin American citizens have sanctioned criminal and violent
practices and incorporated them into social relations, everyday
practices, and institutional settings. At the same time, the
authors explore the power struggles that inform distinctions
between illegitimate versus legitimate violence. Violence and Crime
in Latin America makes a substantive contribution to understanding
a key problem facing Latin America today. In its historical depth
and ethnographic reach, this original and thought-provoking volume
enhances our understanding of crime and violence throughout the
Western Hemisphere.
Volume 17 of "Political Power and Social Theory" showcases
scholarship by historical, political, and economic sociologists
grouped around three broad subjects with both contemporary and
historical relevance. The first is the relationship between race,
class, and urban politics, and specifically, how racial and class
identities interact with each other to produce social and political
power dynamics in 20th century American cities. The second subject,
the interaction of citizens, states, and social movements in both
colonial and transnational context, turns away from the
sub-national level of the city and examines social and political
dynamics at the level of nations and even empires, although racial
identities, social movements, and citizenship concerns remain
relevant in several of these papers as well. Both U.S. and European
cases are examined. The final topic of inquiry is the social
origins of corporate irresponsibility, a problem that is explored
through the lens of organizational theory, state-society relations,
and the history of labor-corporate relations. Overall, the volume
aims to open new historical, methodological, and theoretical lines
of inquiry for sociologists, organization theorists, political
scientists, historians, and others who seek to understand some of
the most pressing inequalities and injustices of our times.
This volume of "Political Power and Social Theory" addresses some
of the most pressing questions of our times, from the origins and
meaning of the war in Iraq to the transnational politics of
immigration to the impact of race on labor organization to the
historical underpinnings of corporate power. With careful attention
to historical detail, with a keen eye for the value of
inter-disciplinary social science inquiry, and with a view to
various countries around the globe, this research annual once again
unveils the complex dynamics of key contemporary and historical
dilemmas that motivate citizens and scholars alike to struggle for
a better future.
Volume 15 offers a series of critical articles and commentaries by
some of the leading historically-oriented social scientists writing
in academia today. Collectively, the articles examine issues
ranging from the relations between class, power and history, to the
role of states and culture in mediating those dynamics. Special
attention is paid to race, gender, citizenship and civil society in
the formation of such structures and processes. The countries or
regions under study include the United States, Brazil, Chile,
China, Mexico, Samoa and Southwest Africa.In keeping with the
journal's commitment to inter-disciplinary, as well as historical
inquiry, our nine contributors come from a variety of disciplines
(sociology, political science, anthropology and history), all
drawing on debates and themes that cut across the social sciences.
The significance of the inter-disciplinary perspective is seen not
only in the range of cases, literatures and methodologies brought
to bear on the key issues under study; it also forms the
substantive core of several contributions that call for a
rethinking of conventional disciplinary boundaries and
methodological frames.
This volume of "Political Power and Social Theory" deliberately
grapples with some of the weightiest subjects in the contemporary
social sciences: race and class and their impact on political and
economic organization. Three historical papers on Cuba, Tanzania,
and Mexico open the volume by exploring the complex relations
between race, class, ethnicity, and nationalism. Two subsequent
papers, which draw on the contemporary case studies of Chile and
South Africa, focus on the intersection of class, race, ethnic and
generational identities in the contested appropriation of space and
territory.The volume concludes with a dynamic debate structured
around the question 'Whither Class?' in which the eminent
sociologist Alejandro Portes makes a deliberately provocative call
to arms. Portes urges a rethinking of class and proposes a new type
of class analysis in light of some of the recent social, political,
and economic changes of our times. He is rejoined by a
distinguished interdisciplinary panel of scholars including Richard
Sennett, Edna Bonacich, Richard Ratcliff, Zine Magubane and David
Grusky, each of whom examine his position and offers their own view
of the continuing relevance of class-based theories. With their
contributions, the volume circles back to complex questions of race
and other multifaceted forms of identity that increasingly capture
the imagination of social scientists in the modern world.
"Political Power and Social Theory" continues its longstanding run
as a premier volume of comparative and historical social science.
The volume focuses on a variety of questions relating to states,
citizenship, and power, common themes examined with divergent
analytical entry points and through deep knowledge of country cases
as diverse as Russia, the United States, El Salvador, South Africa,
and Israel. Whether examined with a focus on revolutions and
political parties, or cities and their physical and social
transformation, or through development of the concept of the
'familial state', which marries a preoccupation with lineage and
micro-cultures to that of national-state institutions, these
articles expand our theoretical and methodological imagination of
how citizens become included or excluded in local and national
structures of power.
Cities have long been associated with diversity and tolerance,
but from Jerusalem to Belfast to the Basque Country, many of the
most intractable conflicts of the past century have played out in
urban spaces. The contributors to this interdisciplinary volume
examine the interrelationships of ethnic, racial, religious, or
other identity conflicts and larger battles over sovereignty and
governance. Under what conditions do identity conflicts undermine
the legitimacy and power of nation-states, empires, or urban
authorities? Does the urban built environment play a role in
remedying or exacerbating such conflicts? Employing comparative
analysis, these case studies from the Middle East, Europe, and
South and Southeast Asia advance our understanding of the origins
and nature of urban conflict.
Violent acts over the past fifteen years have profoundly altered
civil rituals, cultural identity, and the meaning of place in Tel
Aviv. Three events in particular have shed light on the global rule
of urban space in the struggle for territory, resources, and power:
the assassination of Prime Minister Rabin in 1995 in the city
council square; the suicidal bombing at the Dolphinarium
Discotheque along the shoreline in 2001; and bombings in the Neve
Shaanan neighborhood in 2003. Tali Hatuka uses an interdisciplinary
framework of urban theory and sociopolitical theory to shed light
on the discourse regarding violent events to include an analysis of
the physical space where these events take place. She exposes the
complex relationships among local groups, the state, and the city,
challenging the national discourse by offering a fresh
interpretation of contesting forces and their effect on the urban
environment. Perhaps the most valuable contribution of this book is
its critical assessment of the current Israeli reality, which is
affected by violent events that continually alter the everyday life
of its citizens. Although these events have been widely publicized
by the media, there is scant literature focusing on their impact on
the urban spaces where people live and meet. In addition, Hatuka
shows how sociopolitical events become crucial defining moments in
contemporary lived experience, allowing us to examine universal
questions about the way democracy, ideology, and memory are
manifested in the city.
Existing models of state formation are derived primarily from early
Western European experience, and are misleading when applied to
nation-states struggling to consolidate their dominion in the
present period. In this volume, scholars suggest that the Western
European model of armies waging war on behalf of sovereign states
does not hold universally. The importance of 'irregular' armed
forces - militias, guerrillas, paramilitaries, mercenaries,
bandits, vigilantes, police, and so on - has been seriously
neglected in the literature on this subject. The case studies in
this book suggest, among other things, that the creation of the
nation-state as a secure political entity rests as much on
'irregular' as regular armed forces. For most of the 'developing'
world, the state's legitimacy has been difficult to achieve,
constantly eroding or challenged by irregular armed forces within a
country's borders. No account of modern state formation can be
considered complete without attending to irregular forces.
Revealing that the key to successful economic development in late industrializers rests in the state's capacity to discipline capitalists, this study sheds light on why certain countries (South Korea and Taiwan) have the capacity to discipline capitalists, while others (Mexico and Argentina) find themselves at the receiving end of industrialists' political and economic power. Closer examination of middle classes, especially rural middle classes, reveals the extent to which they achieve sufficient political sway in politics and society, and thus are able to impose such discipline.
Revealing that the key to successful economic development in late industrializers rests in the state's capacity to discipline capitalists, this study sheds light on why certain countries (South Korea and Taiwan) have the capacity to discipline capitalists, while others (Mexico and Argentina) find themselves at the receiving end of industrialists' political and economic power. Closer examination of middle classes, especially rural middle classes, reveals the extent to which they achieve sufficient political sway in politics and society, and thus are able to impose such discipline.
This book examines a variety of comparative and historical experiences in which irregular armed forces (ranging from militias, paramilitaries, guerrillas, bandits, mercenaries, vigilantes, and police forces to armed veteran groups) have struggled against or on behalf of national states. The study hopes to raise questions about the new political relevance of these types of armed forces. It considers the conditions under which they are more significant than conventional military personnel in supplanting or undermining states, and their broader role in national political development.
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